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precipitation reported. A “−” denotes light, no symbol
denotes moderate, and a “+” denotes heavy.
(b) Proximity applies to and reported only
for weather occurring in the vicinity of the airport
(between 5 and 10 miles of the point(s) of
observation). It is denoted by the letters “VC.”
(Intensity and “VC” will not appear together in the
weather group).
(c) Descriptor. These eight descriptors apply
to the precipitation or obstructions to visibility:
TS . . . . . . . . . thunderstorm
DR . . . . . . . . . low drifting
SH . . . . . . . . . showers
MI . . . . . . . . . shallow
FZ . . . . . . . . . freezing
BC . . . . . . . . . patches
BL . . . . . . . . . blowing
PR . . . . . . . . . partial
NOTE−
Although “TS” and “SH” are used with precipitation and
may be preceded with an intensity symbol, the intensity still
applies to the precipitation, not the descriptor.
(d) Precipitation. There are nine types of
precipitation in the METAR code:
RA . . . . . . . . . rain
DZ . . . . . . . . . drizzle
SN . . . . . . . . . snow
GR . . . . . . . . . hail (1/4” or greater)
GS . . . . . . . . . small hail/snow pellets
PL . . . . . . . . . ice pellets
SG . . . . . . . . . snow grains
IC . . . . . . . . . ice crystals (diamond dust)
UP . . . . . . . . . unknown precipitation
(automated stations only)
(e) Obstructions to visibility. There are
eight types of obscuration phenomena in the METAR
code (obscurations are any phenomena in the
atmosphere, other than precipitation, that reduce
horizontal visibility):
FG . . . . . . . . fog (vsby less than 5/8 mile)
HZ . . . . . . . . haze
FU . . . . . . . . . smoke
PY . . . . . . . . . spray
BR . . . . . . . . . mist (vsby 5/8 − 6 miles)
SA . . . . . . . . . sand
DU . . . . . . . . . dust
VA . . . . . . . . . volcanic ash
NOTE−
Fog (FG) is observed or forecast only when the visibility is
less than five−eighths of mile, otherwise mist (BR) is
observed or forecast.
(f) Other. There are five categories of other
weather phenomena which are reported when they
occur:
SQ . . . . . . . . . squall
SS . . . . . . . . . sandstorm
DS . . . . . . . . . duststorm
PO . . . . . . . . . dust/sand whirls
FC . . . . . . . . . funnel cloud
+FC . . . . . . . . tornado/waterspout
Examples:
TSRA . . . . . . thunderstorm with moderate
rain
+SN . . . . . . . . heavy snow
−RA FG . . . . light rain and fog
BRHZ . . . . . . mist and haze (visibility
5/8 mile or greater)
FZDZ . . . . . . freezing drizzle
VCSH . . . . . . rain shower in the vicinity
+SHRASNPL heavy rain showers, snow, ice
pellets (intensity indicator
refers to the predominant rain)
9. Sky Condition. The sky condition as
reported in METAR represents a significant change
from the way sky condition is currently reported. In
METAR, sky condition is reported in the format:
Amount/Height/(Type) or Indefinite Ceiling/Height
2/17/05 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−63
(a) Amount. The amount of sky cover is
reported in eighths of sky cover, using the
contractions:
SKC . . . . . . . . clear (no clouds)
FEW . . . . . . . >0 to 2/8
SCT . . . . . . . . scattered (3/8s to 4/8s of
clouds)
BKN . . . . . . . broken (5/8s to 7/8s of clouds)
OVC . . . . . . . overcast (8/8s clouds)
CB . . . . . . . . . Cumulonimbus when present
TCU . . . . . . . Towering cumulus when
present
NOTE−
1. “SKC” will be reported at manual stations. “CLR” will
be used at automated stations when no clouds below
12,000 feet are reported.
2. A ceiling layer is not designated in the METAR code.
For aviation purposes, the ceiling is the lowest broken or
overcast layer, or vertical visibility into an obscuration.
Also there is no provision for reporting thin layers in the
METAR code. When clouds are thin, that layer shall be
reported as if it were opaque.
(b) Height. Cloud bases are reported with
three digits in hundreds of feet. (Clouds above 12,000
feet cannot be reported by an automated station).
(c) (Type). If Towering Cumulus Clouds
(TCU) or Cumulonimbus Clouds (CB) are present,
they are reported after the height which represents
their base.
EXAMPLE−
(Reported as) SCT025TCU BKN080 BKN250 (spoken as)
“TWO THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED SCATTERED
TOWERING CUMULUS, CEILING EIGHT THOUSAND
BROKEN, TWO FIVE THOUSAND BROKEN.”
　
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