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aircraft arriving on runway 27 that at about 3 miles
out they can expect to encounter a wind shear
condition that will decrease their airspeed by 20 knots
and possibly encounter turbulence. Additionally, the
airport surface winds for landing runway 27 are
reported as 200 degrees at 15 knots.
NOTE−
Threshold wind is at pilot’s request or as deemed
appropriate by the controller.
REFERENCE−
FAA Order 7110.65, Air Traffic Control, Low Level Wind Shear/
Microburst Advisories, Paragraph 3−1−8b2(a).
2/17/05 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−53
FIG 7−1−20
Weak Microburst Alert
AIM 2/17/05
7−1−54 Meteorology
FIG 7−1−21
Gust Front Alert
(c) MULTIPLE WIND SHEAR ALERTS
EXAMPLE−
This is what the controller sees on his/her ribbon display
in the tower cab.
27A WSA 20K+ RWY 250 20
27D WSA 20K+ RWY 250 20
NOTE−
(See FIG 7−1−21 to see how the TDWR/WSP determines
the gust front/wind shear location.)
This is what the controller will say when issuing the
alert.
PHRASEOLOGY−
MULTIPLE WIND SHEAR ALERTS. RUNWAY 27
ARRIVAL, WIND SHEAR ALERT, 20 KT GAIN ON
RUNWAY; RUNWAY 27 DEPARTURE, WIND SHEAR
ALERT, 20 KT GAIN ON RUNWAY, WIND 250 AT 20.
EXAMPLE−
In this example, the controller is advising arriving and
departing aircraft that they could encounter a wind shear
condition right on the runway due to a gust front
(significant change of wind direction) with the possibility
of a 20 knot gain in airspeed associated with the gust front.
Additionally, the airport surface winds (for the runway in
use) are reported as 250 degrees at 20 knots.
REFERENCE−
FAA Order 7110.65, Air Traffic Control, Low Level Wind Shear/
Microburst Advisories, Paragraph 3−1−8b2(d).
2/17/05 AIM
Meteorology 7−1−55
6. The Terminal Weather Information for
Pilots System (TWIP).
(a) With the increase in the quantity and
quality of terminal weather information available
through TDWR, the next step is to provide this
information directly to pilots rather than relying on
voice communications from ATC. The National
Airspace System has long been in need of a means of
delivering terminal weather information to the
cockpit more efficiently in terms of both speed and
accuracy to enhance pilot awareness of weather
hazards and reduce air traffic controller workload.
With the TWIP capability, terminal weather
information, both alphanumerically and graphically,
is now available directly to the cockpit on a test basis
at 9 locations.
(b) TWIP products are generated using
weather data from the TDWR or the Integrated
Terminal Weather System (ITWS) testbed. TWIP
products are generated and stored in the form of text
and character graphic messages. Software has been
developed to allow TDWR or ITWS to format the
data and send the TWIP products to a database
resident at Aeronautical Radio, Inc. (ARINC). These
products can then be accessed by pilots using the
ARINC Aircraft Communications Addressing and
Reporting System (ACARS) data link services.
Airline dispatchers can also access this database and
send messages to specific aircraft whenever wind
shear activity begins or ends at an airport.
(c) TWIP products include descriptions and
character graphics of microburst alerts, wind shear
alerts, significant precipitation, convective activity
within 30 NM surrounding the terminal area, and
expected weather that will impact airport operations.
During inclement weather, i.e., whenever a predetermined
level of precipitation or wind shear is detected
within 15 miles of the terminal area, TWIP products
are updated once each minute for text messages and
once every five minutes for character graphic
messages. During good weather (below the predetermined
precipitation or wind shear parameters) each
message is updated every 10 minutes. These products
are intended to improve the situational awareness of
the pilot/flight crew, and to aid in flight planning prior
to arriving or departing the terminal area. It is
important to understand that, in the context of TWIP,
the predetermined levels for inclement versus good
weather has nothing to do with the criteria for
VFR/MVFR/IFR/LIFR; it only deals with precipitation,
wind shears and microbursts.
7−1−28. PIREPs Relating to Volcanic Ash
Activity
a. Volcanic eruptions which send ash into the
upper atmosphere occur somewhere around the world
　
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