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be caused by a specific hazard.
Hazard
Tracking and
Resolution.
A tracking log is maintained for closeout. Risk Tracking and Risk Resolution should be
conducted throughout the system life cycle. Risk/Hazard Controls are to be formally verified.
Inadvertent
Operation
Unintentional operation.
Independent
Verification &
Validation
(IV&V)
Confirmation by independent examination and provision of objective evidence that specified
requirements have been fulfilled, and that the particular requirements for a specific intended use
are fulfilled.
Inductive A bottom-up analysis approach of analysis logic: “What happens if a specific failure occurs?”
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix A: Glossary
December 30, 2000
A -6
CONCEPT or
TERM
DESCRIPTION
Analysis
Incident A near miss accident with minor consequences that could have resulted in greater loss.
An unplanned event that could have resulted in an accident, or did result in minor damage, and
which indicates the existence of, though may not define, a hazard or hazardous condition.
Sometimes called a mishap.
Initiating
Events
Initiating Events; initiator; the contributory hazard; unsafe act and / or unsafe condition that
initiated the adverse event flow, which resulted in the hazardous event under evaluation; also
see Root Cause.
Intrinsically
Safe Design
Designers determine which hazards could be present, the level of associated risk that could
constitute danger, and the controls to assure acceptable risk. Nothing is perfectly safe; see safe.
Inspection A static technique that relies on visual examination of development products to detect
deviations, violations or other problems.
Latent Present and capable of becoming though not now visible or active.
Likelihood Likelihood defines in quantitative or qualitative terms, the estimated probability of the specific
Hazardous event under study. Likelihood is one element of associated risk. Fault Trees and
other models can be constructed and individual Hazard Probabilities are estimated, and
likelihood can be calculated via Boolean Logic. It should be noted that estimated likelihood
defined in conventional hazard analysis may be appropriate due to the variability, conference,
resources, and other factors.
See chapter 3 for specific definitions of likelihood.
Malfunction Fail to operate in the normal or usual manner. Any anomaly which results in system deviation.
Maintainability The ability of an item to be retained in or restored to specified condition when maintenance is
performed by personnel having specified skill levels, using prescribed procedures, resources
and equipment at each prescribed level of maintenance and repair.
Managing
Activity
FAA organization assigned acquisition management responsibility for the system, facility, or
prime or associated contractors or subcontractors who wish to impose system safety tasks on
their suppliers.
Methodology A particular procedure or set of procedures.
Mishap A source of irritation, annoyance, grievance, nuisance, vexation, mortification. Note that
mishap is not a synonym for accident. It is more appropriate to consider a mishap a minor
accident.
A hazard. Note that the use of mishap is different within the FAA community than as used in
MIL-STD-882C. The latter equates mishap to an accident.
N-Version
Software
Software developed and tested to fulfill a set of requirements where multiple versions of
software are intentionally made independent and different. Differences can be in some or all of:
specifications, design, use of language, algorithms, data structures, etc.
Non-
Developmental
Deliverable part not developed as a part of the developmental process being addressed.
The developer, or some other party but provides software - deliverable software that is not
FAA System Safety Handbook, Appendix A: Glossary
December 30, 2000
A -7
CONCEPT or
TERM
DESCRIPTION
Item (NDI) developed under the contract. Non-developmental software may also be referred to as reusable
software, government furnished software, commercially available software, or Commercial Off-
The-Shelf (COTS) software.
Non-
Programmable
(N-P) System
A system based upon non-programmable hardware devices (i.e., a system not based on
programmable electronics. NOTE: Examples would include hardwired electrical or electronic
systems, mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic systems, etc.
Objective
Evidence
Information, which can be proved true, based on facts obtained through observation,
measurement, test or other means.
　
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