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CONTRIBUTORY
HAZARDS
COVERS NOT
INSTALLED
ADEQUATELY
TRAINING
ORIENTATION
LTA SEDIGN
HUMAN RELIABILITY
COVERS NOT
IDED ADQ
FOR NIGHT
PREFLIGHT
HUMAN FACTORS
DESIGN TO ID COVERS
DURING POOR
VISIBILITY
HUMAN ERROR
FAILURE TO
NOTE COVER
IN PLACE
INITIATING
HAZARD
TRAINING
ORIENTATION
LTA DESIGN
HUMAN RELIABILITY
AND
LTA PREFLIGHT
INLET COVERS
NOT REMOVED
ENGINE
START UP
INLET
COVERS INST
ENGINE
RUN
TRAINING
ORIENTATION
LTA DESIGN
HUMAN RELIABILITY
OR
INTERNAL
ENGINE
DAMAGE
ENGINE
FRAGMENTS
PROJECTED
CATASTROPHIC
EVENTS
(PRIMARY HAZARDS)
AIRCRAFT
DAMAGED
INJURY
PROPERTY
DAMAGE
AND/
OR
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 7: Integrated System Hazard Analysis
December 30, 2000
7 - 6
Figure 7-2: Fuel Tank Rupture Scenario
CONTRIBUTORY HAZARDS
WIRE
INSULATION
FAILURE
DESIGN WIRING
TO WITHSTAND
ENVIRONMENT
IGNITION
ENERGY
DESIGN FUEL GAUGING CKT
BELOW IGNITION
ENERGY LEVEL
INITIATING
HAZARD
INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE
AND
IGNITION
SPARK
FUEL
VAPOR
FRAGMENTS
PROGECTED
CATASTROPHIC
EVENTS
(PRIMARY HAZARDS)
AIRCRAFT
DAMAGED
INJURY
PROPERTY
DAMAGE
AND/
AND OR
FUEL TANK
RUPTURE
CONTROL FUEL
ALLEGE
IGNITION
(OVERPRESSURE)
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 7: Integrated System Hazard Analysis
December 30, 2000
7 - 7
Figure 7-3: Hydraulic Brake Scenario
CONTRIBUTORY HAZARDS
FAILURE OF
HYDRAULIC
BRAKE
SYSTEM
ADEQUATE
DESIGN
REDUNDANCY
FAILURE OF
PRIMARY
HYD BRAKE
SYSTEM
ADEQUATE EMG BREAK
DESIGN FOR MANUAL
OPERATION
INITIATING
HAZARD
ADEQUATE HUMAN
FACTORS DESIGN
AIRCRAFT
RUNS
OFF RUNWAY
CATASTROPHIC
EVENTS
(PRIMARY HAZARDS)
AIRCRAFT
DAMAGED
INJURY
PROPERTY
DAMAGE
AND/
OR
AND
SPEED BRAKE
APPLICATION
IMPROPER
OPERATION
OF EMG BRAKE)
DESIGN SYSTEM
TO WITHSTAND
ENVIRONMENT
ADEQUATE
MAINTENANCE
AND INSPECTION
FAILURE TO
APPLY EMG
BRAKE
LOSS OF
AIRCRAFT
BRAKING
ADEQUATE
TRAINING
AIRCRAFT
CONTACTS
OBSTRUCTION
MINIMIZE
OBSTRUCTIONS
SEQUENCES OF EVENTS THAT COULD CAUSE AN
ACCIDENT FROM HYDRAULIC
FAILURE AND AIRCRAFT RUNWAY RUNOFF
FAA System Safety Handbook, Chapter 7: Integrated System Hazard Analysis
December 30, 2000
7 - 8
Figure 7-4: Unsecured Cabin Door Scenario
CONTRIBUTORY HAZARDS
INADEQUATE
PREFLIGHT
QUALIFICATION
TRAINING
SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES
INITIATING
HAZARD
CRITICAL EVENT
(PRIMARY HAZARDS)
CAPTAIN
SUFFERS
HYPOXIA
INADEQUATE
DECISION
AND/
OR
AND
SUCCESSFUL
PREFLIGHT
CABIN DOOR
NOT SECURED
SECURE CABIN
LTA*
INDICATION
IN COCKPIT
DESIGN RELIABLE
CAUTION
INDICATOR
AIRCRAFT
AIRBORNE
W/O PRESSURE
INDICATION
* LESS THAN ADEQUATE
INADEQUATE
PERSONNEL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENT
CAPT ENTERS
UNPRESSURIZED
CABIN
INJURY
SEQUENCES OF EVENTS THAT COULD CAUSE AN ACCIDENT DUE TO
AN UNSECURED CABIN DOOR AND CAPT SUFFERS HYPOXIA.
7.1.3 Common System Risks
At first exposure, to the lay person, there apparently is very little difference between the disciplines of
reliability and system safety, or any other system engineering practice like quality assurance,
maintainability, survivability, security, logistics, human factors, and systems management. They all use
similar techniques and methods, such as Failure Modes and Effects Analysis and Fault Tree Analysis.
However, from the system engineering specialist’s viewpoint there are many different objectives to consider
and these must be in concert with the overall system objective of designing a complex system with
acceptable risks.
An important system objective should include technical risk management or operational risk management.
Further consideration should be given to the identification of system risks and how system risks equate
within specialty engineering. Risk is an expression of probable loss over a specific period of time or over a
　
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