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less horizontal dimension.
MINIMUM SINK AIRPSEED—
Airspeed, as determined by the
performance polar, at which the
glider will achieve the lowest sink
rate. That is, the glider will lose the
least amount of altitude per unit of
time at minimum sink airspeed.
MIXING RATIO—The ratio of the
mass of water vapor to the mass
of dry air.
MULTI-CELL
THUNDERSTORM—A group or
cluster of individual thunderstorm
cells, with varying stages of development.
These storms are often
self propagating and may last for
several hours.
PARASITE DRAG—Drag
due to any form of electromagnetic
radiation, for instance, from the
sun.
RADIUS OF TURN—The amount
of horizontal distance an aircraft
uses to complete a turn.
RATE OF TURN—The amount
of time it takes for a glider to turn a
specified number of degrees.
RELATIVE WIND—The airflow
caused by the motion of the aircraft
through the air. Relative
wind, also called relative airflow is
opposite and parallel to the direction
of flight.
ROTOR—A turbulent circulation
under mountain-wave crests, to
the lee side and parallel to the
mountains creating the wave.
Glider pilots use the term rotor to
describe any low-level turbulent
flow associated with mountain
waves.
ROTOR STREAMING—A phenomenon
that occurs when the air
flow at mountain levels may be
sufficient for wave formation, but
begins to decrease with altitude
above the mountain. In this case,
the air downstream of the mountain
breaks up and becomes turbulent,
similar to rotor, with no lee
waves above.
RUDDER—Attached to the back
of the vertical stabilizer, the rudder
controls movement about the vertical
axis.
SAILPLANE—A glider used for
traveling long distances and
remaining aloft for extended periods
of time.
SATURATED ADIABATIC
LAPSE RATE(SALR)—The rate
of temperature decrease with
height of saturated air. Unlike the
dry adiabatic lapse rate (DALR),
the SALR is not a constant numerical
value but varies with temperature.
caused by any aircraft surface,
which deflects or interferes with
the smooth airflow around the airplane.
PILOTAGE—Navigational technique
based on flight by reference
to ground landmarks.
PILOT-INDUCED
OSCILLATION (PIO)—Rapid
oscillations caused by the pilot’s
over-controlled motions. PIOs usually
occur on takeoff or landings
with pitch sensitive gliders and in
severe cases can lead to loss of
control or damage.
PITCH ATTITUDE—The angle
of the longitudinal axis relative to
the horizon. Pitch attitude serves
as a visual reference for the pilot
to maintain or change airspeed.
PITOT-STATIC SYSTEM—
Powers the airspeed altimeter and
variometer by relying on air pressure
differences to measure glider
speed, altitude, and climb or sink
rate.
PLACARDS—Small statements
or pictorial signs permanently fixed
in the cockpit and visible to the
pilot. Placards are used for operating
limitations (e.g., weight or
speeds) or to indicate the position
of an operating lever (e.g., landing
gear retracted or down and
locked).
PRECIPITABLE WATER—The
amount of liquid precipitation that
would result if all water vapor were
condensed.
PRESSURE ALTITUDE—The
height above the standard pressure
level of 29.92 in. Hg. It is obtained
by setting 29.92 in the barometric
pressure window and reading the
altimeter.
RADIANT ENERGY—Energy
G-5
SELF-LAUNCH GLIDER—A
glider equipped with an engine,
allowing it to be launched under its
own power. When the engine is
shut down, a self-launch glider displays
the same characteristics as
a non-powered glider.
SIDE SLIP—A slip in which the
glider’s longitudinal axis remains
parallel to the original flight path
but in which the flight path
changes direction according to the
steepness of the bank.
SLIP—A descent with one wing
lowered and the glider’s longitudinal
axis at an angle to the flight
path. A slip is used to steepen the
approach path without increasing
the airspeed, or to make the glider
move sideways through the air,
counteracting the drift resulting
from a crosswind.
SPEED TO FLY—Optimum
speed through the (sinking or rising)
air mass to achieve either the furthest
　
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