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This is very important when one is dealing, for instance, with a mixture of closely related compounds. I understand Chris Winder has discussed these with you in detail, so I do not want to go into a large amount of detail here, but we have many of these compounds. … I think it is very important for us to know what is in these oils because if we do not know what all these isomers are we cannot really state anything regarding their inhalation exposures and their toxicity.31
3.32 Submissions were also made suggesting that the combination of chemical components in fumes leaking into the aircraft could have as yet unknown toxic effects. One submission to the inquiry raised a possible connection between genetic/chromosomal damage and exposure to oil fumes, although the Committee is not able to verify assertions of this nature.
Toxic Exposure
3.33 Between 1997 and 1999 the company Genetic Consulting and Testing Pty Ltd (GCAT) carried out blood tests on five people who flew on BAe 146.32 The results of these tests, contained in a submission to this inquiry, found that two of those tested showed evidence of having been exposed to “clastogenic and/or aneuploidogenic chemicals.”33 The report went on to state:
29  Submission 12, NICNAS 
30  An isomer is a member of a group of chemicals. TCP has 10 isomers. 
31  Associate Professor C van Netten, Evidence, 14 March 2000, p 207 - 208 
32  Submission 7, GCAT, pp 2-4 
33  Submission 7, GCAT, p 5 

The finding of notable disturbances in three people from the same environment is compelling evidence that there was significant toxic exposure.
The absence of findings in the other two persons could be explained either by sampling error (we did not happen to detect abnormal cells because of the relatively small number of cells sampled) or that the two people did not have chromosome abnormalities. In our experience of repeat analyses … these results are most likely to mean that these two people do not have chromosome abnormalities. The finding of chromosome abnormalities is influenced by three factors. (1) The exposure (2) The person's genetic make-up and (3) The person's diet at the time of exposure; some foods are known to be protective. 34
3.34 GCAT’s report concluded; “The chromosomes analyses performed on these 5 persons show evidence of exposure to significant levels of chemical toxins, sufficient to cause grave, short and long term health consequences.” 35
Tricresyl phosphate (TCP)
3.35 The inquiry was told that jet engine lubricants can typically contain up to 3 per cent tricresyl phosphate as an antiwear agent.36
3.36 Dr van Netten stressed in his submission that his research indicated:
… all engine oils tested to-date contain, among many other compounds, tricresyl phosphate (TCP) isomers. Tricresyl phosphates have been associated with neurotoxic properties. 37
　
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