2.4 MILITARY OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS
2.4.1 General Requirements
2.4.1.1 Security in Europe may necessitate military operations undertaken by international organisations: UN, NATO or WEU, and for military aircraft to take precedence over civil aviation in some circumstances. It is, therefore, a fundamental principle that each ECAC State is able to train and operate its military air, sea and ground forces to enable them to discharge their responsibilities for security and defence. In order to carry out its operational tasks, military aviation seeks:
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freedom to operate in IMC/VMC at any time in all areas of ECAC airspace;
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special handling - in particular for priority flights and for time-critical missions, but also for military aircraft not fully equipped to the civil standard;
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to retain the possibility of operating uncontrolled VFR flights, including in "Controlled" airspace;
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temporary airspace reservations (TSAs), to contain activities which are incompatible with the normal application of the Rules of the Air;
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airspace restrictions for non flight-related activities such as protection of areas of national interest, gunnery, missile firing, etc....
Edition: 2.0 Released Issue Page 2-3
2.5 GENERAL AVIATION & AERIAL WORK OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS
2.5.1 General Requirements
2.5.1.1 General Aviation (GA) requires access to controlled airspace and airports at reasonable commercial cost. Where this activity increases it is likely to be largely centred on less congested airports. Aerial Work (AW) aviation needs to reserve airspace for particular operations, while recreation and sports aviation operating under VFR require a legitimate right of access to European airspace, although it may not be possible to fit to such aircraft the equipment required for flight in Controlled Airspace.
2.5.1.2 Although the majority of GA/AW flights operate in "Lower" Airspace under VFR rules, a sizeable amount (more than 10%) is IFR traffic. Therefore, the General Aviation & Aerial Work community seeks:
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to achieve maximum freedom of movement in all categories/classes of airspace;
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sufficient "Uncontrolled" airspace for its operations and VFR access to "Controlled" airspace, in particular for some gliders in the "Upper" Airspace;
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to maintain the right to change flight rules from IFR to VFR and vice-versa in the air, as well as before take-off or, at least, to receive special handling;
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to have the possibility of operating under VFR as long as weather conditions permit the application of the "see and avoid" rule.
2.6 TEST FLIGHTS & UAV OPERATIONS REQUIREMENTS
2.6.1 General Requirements
2.6.1.1 Test and Acceptance Flights for both civil and military purposes require special handling, but represent a relatively small airspace user community. The use of Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), formerly developed for military operations and recreation (model flying), has recently been extended to various civil aerial applications as a more cost effective solution than the use of conventional aircraft or helicopters.
2.6.1.2 No uniform regulatory framework for UAVs exists today, but it could be assumed that the Test Flights & UAVs community seeks mainly:
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accommodation of their operations, based on shared use of airspace, with sometimes a need for special handling, rather than on strict segregation;
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possibility of operating in the "Upper" Airspace;
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