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Risk Assessment and Mitigation in ATM contained in ESARR 4.

1.1.2  Common Guidelines for the Establishment of Airspace Structures
3.3.2.1  As stated in the “EUROCONTROL Airspace Strategy for the ECAC States” Document, Volume 2 of this Manual provides States with common guidelines for the establishment of airspace structures including general criteria for the design, lateral and vertical delineation and designation of each type of airspace structure.
3.3.2.2  Harmonised application of ICAO provisions for the delineation and classification of ATS airspace and as regards to safety measures relating to military activities including the need for airspace reservation and/or restriction provides the foundation of general guidelines for the establishment of airspace structures within ECAC area.
2 In the context of this manual, “Airspace Structure” includes Control Area (CTA), Terminal Control Area (TMA), Control Zone (CTR), ATS Route, ATC Sector, Conditional Route (CDR), Danger Area (D), Restricted Area (R), Prohibited Area (P), Temporary Segregated Area (TSA), Temporary Reserved Area (TRA), Cross-Border Area (CBA), Reduced Co-ordination Airspace (RCA), Prior Co-ordination Airspace (PCA), …
Edition: 2.0 Released Issue  Page 1-1
3.3.2.3  A number of essential principles have been developed to provide an integrated approach to the delineation, establishment and use of specific portions of airspace by civil and military users, including sharing of common boundaries between them. Relevant ICAO references are :
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delineation of CTR/CTA and ATS routes : Annexes 4 & 11, PANS-OPS (Doc 8168) Vol. II, Doc 9426 ;

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definition of protected airspace : Annexes 2 & 11, PANS-ATM (Doc 4444);

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establishment of separation minima : PANS-ATM (Doc 4444), Doc 9689 ;

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determination of spacing between ATS routes : Annex 11, Doc 9426 and EUR 001/RNAV/5;

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military activities as regards civil traffic: Principle of ‘Due regard for the safety of navigation of civil aircraft’ as per the Chicago Convention (Doc 7300) Art. 3 (d).

3.3.2.4  General Guidelines for the establishment of Controlled Airspace form also part of the present Section 1, whereas specific and detailed guidelines and planning criteria are provided in:
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Section 2 for the harmonisation and simplification of ATS airspace classification;

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Section 3 for the design of airspace restrictions and reservations;

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Section 4 for the design of the ATS Route and Sectorisation; and

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Section 5 for the design of Terminal Airspace.

1.2  PROVISIONS FOR AIRSPACE ORGANISATION
1.2.1  Airspace Organisation for ATS Provision
1.2.1.1  As stated in ICAO Annex 11, when it has been determined that air traffic services will be provided in particular portions of the airspace, then those portions of the airspace shall be designated in relation to the air traffic services that are to be provided, as follows:
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Flight Information Regions (FIRs) for those portions of the airspace where it is determined that flight information service and alerting service will be provided -

FIRs shall be delineated to cover the whole of the air route structure to be served by such regions. Such delineation shall be related to the nature of the route and the need for efficient service rather than to national boundaries.

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Control Areas (CTAs) and Control Zones (CTRs) for those portions of the airspace where it is determined that ATC service will be provided to IFR flights -

CTAs including inter alia, Airways (AWYs) and Terminal Control Areas (TMAs) shall be delineated so as to encompass sufficient airspace to contain the flight paths of those IFR flights or portions thereof to which it is desired to provide the applicable parts of ATC service, taking into account the capabilities of the navigation aids normally used in that area.
　
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