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In Europe,
EUR0C0NTR0L has
made significant
contributions
to reducing the
environmental
impact of aircraft
 
Advances in Air Traffic Management (ATM) have already contributed to major reductions in the environmental cost of air transport and remain one of the main areas for further cuts. Whether it is by means of more efficient flight profiles, optimisation of the route network or improved arrival and departure procedures contributing to lower airport emissions, the ATM sector has much to offer.
In Europe, EUR0C0NTR0L has, in recent years, made significant contributions
to reducing the environmental impact of aircraft by increasing the number of direct flight routes, improving the verti¬cal distribution of traffic and keeping aircraft on the ground with engines off until a departure slot becomes available. Together these measures have already saved an estimated seven million tons of
C02 annually. Improving the co-ordination of civil and military traffic through the Flexible Use of Airspace (FUA) initiative is a further important element.
The General and Business Aviation communities stand to benefit as much as the air transport industry from the measures now being taken, not least because improved ATM efficiency brings lower fuel burn and, therefore, operating costs. EUR0C0NTR0L is already helping
 
business aircraft operators to prepare for the coming changes, particularly with regard to the forthcoming emissions-trading regulations.
Environment is a key element in the EUR0C0NTR0L Revised Convention, which commits the Agency to reducing aircraft pollution through improvements in ATM. The reduction of air traffic-related envi¬ronmental impact is also one of the major objectives of its ATM2000+ strategy for improving ATM efficiency.
The most important European ATM initiative ever undertaken, the Single Euro¬pean Sky programme, is aiming for a 10 per cent reduction in fuel burn through, among other things, ATM efficiency improvements achieved through its SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) programme. Yet, while aircraft efficiency at cruise altitude is clearly central to improving environmental performance, EUR0C0NTR0L's environmental agenda also includes the development of more efficient airport arrival and departure profiles, as well as more advanced noise abatement procedures.
PR0M0TING C0NTINU0US DESCENT APPR0ACHES
A central plank in EUR0C0NTR0L's environ¬mental agenda is promoting the concept of Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) to
 
airports. Under CDA procedures, aircraft descend from cruise altitudes with minimum thrust, avoiding the usual stepped approach, reducing noise, fuel burn and emissions. The glide path is then intercepted at an appropri¬ate point for touchdown.
Maintaining height for as long as pos¬sible means that flap, slat and landing-gear deployment are delayed for as long as possible. Limitations may be placed on the number of aircraft using CDA in a par¬ticularly busy ATM environment, but the work being carried out by EUR0C0NTR0L is aimed at developing the necessary planning and arrival tools to maximise the number able to do so.
 
In September 2007, EUR0C0NTR0L released a brochure, Implementation Guidance Information on CDA, providing a comprehensive overview of the current CDA situation and describing its benefits. These include the results of trials carried out by the Agency, pointing to a potential 40 per cent reduction in fuel burn during the approach phase, equivalent to savings of between €50 million and €100 million in 2007 fuel costs. The research also indi¬cated that significant airport noise reduc¬tions of up to 5dBA could be achieved.
A significant recent milestone was the agreement, signed on 9 September 2008, between EUR0C0NTR0L, the Civil Air Nav¬
 
igation Services 0rganisation (CANS0) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA), on taking a collaborative approach to improving flight efficiencies.
　
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本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL EBAA IAOPA Yearbook 2009: The Business of Flying(45)