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consistently more than 40 per cent over recent years," says EUR0C0NTR0L.
The need for action is clear, says Krastev. "Preliminary analysis of 2007 incident data by EUR0C0NTR0L indicates a continuing upward trend of reported infringements," he says. Furthermore, he adds that this does not take into account a number of States which still do not report infringements of their airspace.
Moreover, 56 per cent of the infringe¬ments reported in 2006 occurred under Visual Flight Rules (VFR) — and were, therefore, attributable mainly to GA traf¬fic. The resulting threats from these un¬welcome transgressions ranged from the straightforward disruption of services, loss of separation and risk of collision.
Perhaps not surprisingly, the highest proportion of infringements (40 per cent) occurred in terminal control areas, followed by airport control zones (36 per cent). Analysis also indicates that the majority of infringements occur during
the en-route phase of the infringing flight rather than on approach or departure.
The resulting Airspace Infringement Safety Improvement Initiative set out a strict timetable of events. Its launch at the beginning of 2006 was followed by initial evaluation of the levels of risk, data collection, in-depth risk analysis and elaboration of recommendations, which,
The safety
awareness of the
GA community
should be improved
with flying clubs
and organisations
asking for support
and guidance
it is hoped, will result in the adoption of the Action Plan in 2009.
Krastev's team at EUR0C0NTR0L identified several core reasons behind the current high level of controlled-airspace violations. Inadequate navigation skills ac¬counted for 15 per cent, distractions (11 per cent), bad weather (10 per cent) and misreading of maps (10 per cent). 0ther contributing factors included inadequate clearance (7 per cent) and flying in unfa¬miliar airspace (6 per cent).
0f the 116 potential measures identi¬fied by the team, 42 were recommended for adoption in the Action Plan. These covered the following five principal areas:
? pilot navigation and communications skills
? safety awareness
? airspace design and management
? aeronautical information provision
? flight information services.
Not surprisingly, therefore, the Action Plan calls for improved pilot navigation and communications skills, requiring harmonisation of basic navigation training for the private pilot's licence, along with improved refresher training and compe¬tence checks, improved pre-flight prepa¬ration and inclusion of basic RAT (radio) skills in the training syllabus.
The safety awareness of the GA com¬munity should be improved with flying clubs and organisations asking for support and guidance from national authorities and service providers. Service provider organisations, themselves, should also foster co-operation with, for example, 'open door' days at Air Traffic Control
(ATC) units, and ATC staff should visit clubs "to improve the understanding of one an-other's needs, capabilities and concerns".
Airspace design and management should be improved by harmonising low¬er airspace classification, with modif ica
 
 
 
tion of airspace structures where possible. The management of restricted airspaces should also be improved. The Plan insists that "the specific needs of General Avia¬tion need to be taken into account".
The provision of aeronautical informa¬tion should be updated by standardising lower airspace charts, and the overall availability and accessibility of aeronau¬tical information should be improved. Provision of Aeronautical Information Services (AIS) should be harmonised and N0TAM readability improved. Finally, op¬tions for a 'one-stop shop' for integrated provision of meteorological and aeronau¬tical information should be explored.
　
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本文鏈接地址：EUROCONTROL EBAA IAOPA Yearbook 2009: The Business of Flying(32)