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Flights do really consist of a succession of blocks and knots where workload continually increases and subsides; high peak being dealt with until they return to normal, unless situations or particular flight phases militate against this.
 
Afterwards alertness decrements may arise until the progressive accumulation of new potential tasks whose regrouping into sequences will, in turn, suspend the alertness phenomenon. These crew regulation cycles are inevitable and need to be managed. Contrary to some expectations, levels of crewmember cross monitoring are not necessarily continuously maintained.
 
This is how the observation of alternating crewmember activity patterns led us towards the concept of active/non-active monitoring cycles since these were proven to exist implicitly. But the process had to be formalized to result in a practical recommendation: active/passive vigilance largely explained in the other sections.
 

 
 
Aircrew Logging reveal functional behaviors such as alternating crewmember activity patterns
 

 

 
 
Alternating crewmember activity patterns led us towards the concept of  active/non-active monitoring cycles to create monotony ruptures
 

 
2.4.5. PRACTICAL PROCEDURES

Possible remedies in crew-generated workload are defined as operational countermeasures and relate to the following:
 
. Long-range navigation monitoring such as:

– flight log updating

– navigation chart plotting (FMS position)

– course and distance between waypoints

– IRS drift rate monitoring

– crosschecking position BRG and/or DME dist with navaids. 

 

. Long-range fuel monitoring such as:

– extra fuel monitoring (FMS)

– secondary flight plan/reclearance (ATC)

– step prediction (ATC)

– ETP monitoring (ETOPS)

– weather en route/altitude winds (ACARS or HF) 

 

. Systems monitoring

– pre-advisory parameter trend checks on ECAM system display pages (every 30 minutes)

– zooming function (electronic library system).  
 

 

2.4.6. PRACTICAL PROCEDURES RECOMMENDED ON A340 

 

Based upon the preceding results, the following procedures are now available for cruise operations in the flight crew operating manual of the A340. 
 
They were developed for this aircraft having in mind the low workload/reduced alertness context prevailing in cruise. And they provide practical guidance to support the active/passive vigilance recommendation. Dedicated adaptation to other aircraft types remains necessary however.
 
 
 

 
 
Preparing Capt. Pierre Baud for ambulatory recording  before the A340’s maiden flight
　
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