Validating Recommendations at UTA on B747-400 in 1991
 
 

 
 
Validating Recommendations at Sabena on A310 in 1993
 
 
 
 
2.3.1.  RESULTS

2.3.1.1. LONG-HAUL TRANSATLANTIC ROTATIONS 

 
The alertness decrement percentage (%) was determined for each flight period. It was calculated taking into account the effective active presence of pilots in the cockpit.
2.3.1.2. VERY LONG-HAUL FLIGHTS TO ASIA WITH AUGMENTED CREW

2.3.1.2.1. Sleep duration and quality during flight 

The recommendations contribute towards:
– better distribution of sleeping times, irrespective of rest schedule,

– significant increases in sleep duration and quality during in-flight rest periods. 
 

 
 
 
2.3.1.2.2. Alertness decrement percentages during flight

As with flights made with basic non-augmented crew, recommendations reduced the alertness decrement percentages both for the outbound and return flights. This reduction can be attributed to an increase in sleeping times during in-flight rest periods and to a reduction in monotony in the cockpit.
 

 
The alertness decrement percentage (%) was determined for each flight period concerned. It was calculated taking into account the effective active presence of pilots in the cockpit.
 
2.4.  PARALLEL COMPANION STUDIES

Companion studies on crew workload and crew observation were carried out in parallel to the ambulatory monitoring work described in the above. Initiated with minimum crew studies as from the early 1980’s, crew workload was first estimated by means of subjective rating and subsequently resulted in an objective measure to be described in 4.1. Likewise, the observation of crew functions and activities was first performed by paper and pencil, subsequently complemented by coding grids and ultimately resulted in a dedicated computer software to be described in 2.4.2.
 
 
2.4.1. WORKLOAD MEASURE

The Airbus Workload Measure is based on a statistical model that predicts the rating a pilot would have given on the seven point Airbus Rating Scale (values two through eight). This scale is the core of the Airbus dynamic workload assessment technique, which was used for the certifications of the A300 FF, A310 and A320 aircraft. The Minimum Crew Campaign of the A320 certification in January 1988 was the first opportunity to use the Airbus Workload Measure in parallel with actual pilot ratings to demonstrate the workload characteristics of a new aircraft. It showed excellent correspondence between the Airbus Workload Measure values and the actual subjective quotations given by the pilots during the certification flights. The whole AWM-project resulted in a patent held by Airbus, Dunlap & Associates and the Laboratory of Adaptation Physiology at Cochin Faculty of Medecine in Paris.
　
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