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Another difference when using the RDR-4000 is that more weather information will be present on the display.  In addition to improved long range performance, the 3D scanning will detect more weather close to the aircraft as compared to conventional weather radar systems.  To aid the pilot in determining weather applicable to the aircraft’s flight path (climbing, descending, or straight and level), automatic (AUTO) mode is provided for strategic weather detection.  Weather outside of a protective vertical boundary will be shown in a pattern different than weather applicable to the aircraft’s flight path.  Once weather has been detected the manual (MAN) mode should be used in combination with AUTO mode for storm cell assessment and tactical avoidance.  The manual mode allows the pilot to extract horizontal plan view slices of reflectivity from the memory in selectable 1,000 foot increments from 0 to 60,000 feet.  This provides a much better assessment of a storm cell’s threat by showing its vertical extent and development. These slices are automatically corrected for the earth’s curvature providing a constant altitude view with range. 
Major advances have been made with the RDR-4000 system, but as always there are physical limitations that must be considered.  Ground returns have been significantly reduced by use of the terrain database.  However, the database is not aware of man-made reflectors such as buildings at airports and cities.  Therefore it is possible that not all ground clutter will be eliminated.  The antenna beam is very narrow at close ranges and widens significantly with range.  Therefore the resolution and accuracy of weather reflectivity and MAN constant altitude slices is better at ranges closer to the aircraft. 

 
OPERATIONAL LIMITATIONS AND CONSIDERATIONS 
All of the limitations of the radar system have been consolidated here because of their importance.  This section should be read thoroughly and frequently as a reminder of weather radar limitations. 
. Airborne weather systems are not intended as a terrain or traffic collision avoidance system.  Weather detection, analysis, and avoidance are the primary functions of the radar system. 

. Your radar is a weather avoidance tool.  It should never be used for weather penetration.  It will help you see and plan avoidance maneuvers around significant weather encountered during flight. 

. Radar detects rain drops and wet hail; not clouds, fog, dry hail, ice  crystals, or snow. 
. It is important to remember that radars detect the presence of precipitation.  Storm associated turbulence without precipitation can extend several thousand feet above a storm and outward more than twenty nautical miles. 

. Turbulence detection requires the presence of precipitation.  Clear-air turbulence is not detected or displayed. 

. The weather display corresponds to the selected range while the  turbulence display is overlaid for the first 40 nm in AUTO mode  (regardless of range selected). 

. Below 1800 feet windshear and weather scans are interleaved.  The windshear detection operation is transparent to the crew unless an alert is issued. 

. Leave the system in TEST mode until it is safe to operate the radar.  While in TEST mode there is no radiation hazard to nearby personnel.

. Reference the following Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circulars:  AC 00-24B Thunderstorms  AC 00-6A Aviation Weather  AC 00-50A Low Level Wind Shear  AC 20-68B Recommended Radiation Safety Precautions 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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