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for danger area as appropriate;
c) a number, unduplicated within the State or territory
concerned.
Note.- Nationality letters are those contained in Location
Indicators (Doc 7910).
3.6.6.4 To avoid confusion, identification numbers shall
not be reused for a period of at least one year after cancellation
of the area to which they refer.
3.6.6.5 Recommendation.- When a prohibited, restricted
or danger area is established, the area should be as small as
practicable and be contained within simple geometrical limits,
so as to permit ease of reference by all concerned.
aerodrome/heliport-related positions, in Annex 14, Volumes I
and 11, Chapter 2, and Table AS-J and Table I ofAppendices 5
and I, respectively.
3.7.1.2 Recommendation.- In precise geodetic applications
and some air navigation applications, temporal
changes in the tectonic plate motion and tidal effects on the
Earth's crust should be modelled and estimated. To reflect the
temporal effect, an epoch should be included with any set of
absolute station coordinates.
Note I.- The epoch of the WGS-84 (G873) referencefiame
is 1997.0 while the epoch of the latest updated WGS-84
(GJJSO) reference frame, which includes plate motion model,
is 2001.0. (G indicates that the coordinates were obtained
through Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques, and the
number following G indicates the GPS week when these coordinates
were implemented in the United States of America's
National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency's (NGA's) precise
ephemeris estimation process.)
Note 2.- The set of geodetic coordinates of globally
dktributed permanent GPS tracking stations for the most
recent realization of the WGS-84 reference fiame (WGS-84
(GJJSO)) is provided in Doc 9674. For each permanent GPS
tracking station, the accuracy of an individually estimated position
in WGS-84 (GJJSO) has been in the order of J cm ( I d .
3 6.7 Human Factors considerations Note 3.- Another precise worldwide terrestrial coordinate
system is the International Earth Rotation Service (IERS) Terne
organization of the aeronautical infomation services as restrial Reference System (ITRS), and the realization of ITRS
well as the design, contents, processing and dishbution of aero- is the IERS Reference Frame (ITRF). Guidance
nautical information/data shall take into consideration Human regarding the ITRS is provided in of
Factors principles which facilitate their optimum utilization. Doc9674. The most current realization of the WGS-84
(GIJSO) is referenced to the ITRF 2000 epoch. The WGS-84
(GJJSO) is consistent with the ITRF 2000 and in practical
realization the dzfference between these two systems is in the
3.7 Common reference systems for one to two centimetre range worldwide, meaning WGS-84
air navigation (GJJSO) and ITRF 2000 are essentially identical.
3.7.1 Horizontal reference system
3.7.1 .I World Geodetic System - 1984 (WGS-84) shall
be used as the horizontal (geodetic) reference system for international
air navigation. Consequently, published aeronautical
geographical coordinates (indicating latitude and longitude)
shall be expressed in terms of the WGS-84 geodetic reference
datum.
Note I.- Comprehensive guidance material concerning
WGS-84 is contained in the World Geodetic System - 1984
(WGS-84) Manual (Doc 9674).
Note 2.- SpeczYcations governing the determination and
reporting (accuracy of field work and data integrity) of
WGS-84-related aeronautical coordinates for geographical
positions established by air trafic services are given in
Annex JJ, Chapter 2, and Appendix 5, Table I, and for
3.7.1.3 Geographical coordinates which have been transformed
into WGS-84 coordinates but whose accuracy of
original field work does not meet the requirements in Annex 1 1,
Chapter 2, and Annex 14, Volumes I and 11, Chapter 2, shall be
identified by an asterisk.
3.7.1.4 The order of publication resolution of geographical
coordinates shall be that specified in Appendix 1 and
Table A7-1 of Appendix 7 while the order of chart resolution of
geographical coordinates shall be that specified in Annex 4,
Appendix 6, Table 1.
3.7.2 Vertical reference system
3.7.2.1 Mean sea level (MSL) datum, which gives the
relationship of gravity-related height (elevation) to a surface
known as the geoid, shall be used as the vertical reference
system for international air navigation.
Chapter 3 Annex 15 - Aeronautical Information Services
Note I.- The geoid globally most closely approximates
MSL. It k defined as the equipotential surjhce in the gravity
field of the Earth which coincides with the undkturbed MSL
　
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