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that effectively show departure and amval routes.
8.3.2 The chart shall be drawn to scale and a scale-bar
shown.
8.4 Projection
8.4.1 Recommendation.- A confonrlal projection on
which a straight line approximates a great circle should be
used.
8.4.2 Parallels and meridians shall be shown at suitable
intervals.
8.4.3 Graduation marks shall be placed at consistent
intervals along the neat lines.
8.5 Identification
Each sheet shall be identified by a name associated with the
airspace portrayed.
Note.- The name may be that of the air traffic services
centre, the name of the largest city or town situated in the area
covered by the chart or the name of the city which the
aerodrome serves. Where more than one aerodrome serves the
ciry or town, the name of the aerodrome on which the
procedures are based should be added.
8.6 Culture and topography
8.6.1 Generalized shore lines of all open water areas,
large lakes and rivers shall be shown except where they
conflict with data more applicable to the function of the chart.
8.6.2 Recommendation.- To improve situational
awareness in areas where sign$cant relief exists, all relief
exceeding 300 m (I 000fr) above the elevation of the primary
aerodrome should be shown by smoothed contour lines,
contour values and layer tints printed in brown. Appropriate
spot elevations, including the highest elevation within each top
contour line should be shown printed in black. Signtjicant
obstacles should also be shown.
Note 1.- The next higher suitable contour line appearing
on base topographic maps exceeding 300 m (1 000 ft) above
the elevation of the primary aerodrome may be selected to
start layer tinting.
Note 2.- An appropriate brown colour; on which half-too
layer tinting is to be based, is specified in Appendix 3 -
Colour Guide for contours and topographic features.
Note 3.- Appropriate spot elevations and significant
obstacles are those provided by the procedures specialists.
8.7 Magnetic variation
The average magnetic variation of the area covered by the
chart shall be shown to the nearest degree.
ANNEX 4 8- 1
Annex 4 - Aeronautical Charts Chapter 8
8.8 Bearings, tracks and radials
8.8.1 Bearings, tracks and radials shall be magnetic,
except as provided for in 8.8.2.
8.8.2 Recommendation.- In areas of high latitude,
where it is determined by the appropriate authority that
reference to Magnetic North is impractical, another
suitable reference, i.e. True North or Grid North, should be
used.
8.8.3 Where bearings, tracks and radials are given with
reference to True North or Grid North, this shall be clearly
indicated. When Grid North is used its reference grid meridian
shall be identified.
8.9 Aeronautical data
8.9.1 Aerodromes
All aerodromes which affect the terminal routings shall be
shown. Where appropriate a runway pattern symbol shall be
used.
8.9.2 Prohibited, restricted and danger areas
Prohibited, restricted and danger areas shall be depicted with
their identification and vertical limits.
8.9.3 Area minimum altitudes
Area minimum altitudes shall be shown within quadrilaterals
formed by the parallels and meridians.
Note.- Depending on the selected chart scale,
quadrilaterals formed by the parallels and meridians normally
correspond to the whole degree of latitude and longitude.
8.9.4 Air traffic services system
8.9.4.1 The components of the established relevant air
traffic services system shall be shown.
8.9.4.1.1 The components shall include the following:
1) the radio navigation aids associated with the air traffic
services system together with their names, identifications,
frequencies and geographical coordinates in
degrees, minutes and seconds;
2) in respect of DME, additionally the elevation of the
transmitting antenna of the DME to the nearest 30 m
(100 ft);
terminal radio aids which are required for outbound
and inbound traffic and for holding patterns;
the lateral and vertical limits of all designated airspace
and the appropriate class of airspace;
holding patterns and terminal routings, together with
the route designators, and the track to the nearest
degree along each segment of the prescribed airways
and terminal routings;
all significant points which define the terminal routings
and are not marked by the position of a radio navigation
aid, together with their name-codes and geographical
coordinates in degrees, minutes and seconds;
in respect of waypoints defining VOFUDME area
navigation routes, additionally,
a) the station identification and radio frequency of the
　
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