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should be used.
5.2 Quantitative criteria for
aerodrome warnings
Recommendation.- When quantitative criteria are
necessaly for the issue of aerodrome warnings covering, for
example, the expected maximum wind speed or the expected
total snowfall, the criteria should be established by agreement
between the meteorological ofice and the users of the
warnings.
4.2.9 Recommendation.- In the outlook of SIGMET
messages for volcanic ash, up to four layers or levels should
be included. 6. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO
WIND SHEAR WARNINGS
5. SPECIFICATIONS RELATED TO
AERODROME WARNINGS
5.1 Format and dissemination of
aerodrome warnings
5.1.1 The aerodrome warnings shall be issued in accordance
with the template in Table A6-2 where required by
operators or aerodrome services, and shall be disseminated in
accordance with local arrangements to those concerned.
5.1.2 Recommendation.- In accordance with the
template in Table A6-2, aerodrome warnings should relate to
the occurrence or expected occurrence of one or more of the
following phenomena:
- tropical cyclone (to be included if the 10-minute mean
suflace wind speed at the aerodrome is expected to be
63 M h (34 kt) or more)
- thunderstorm
- hail
- snow (including the expected or observed snow
accumulation)
- freezing precipitation
- hoar frost or rime
- sanristorm
- duststorm
6.1 Detection of wind shear
Recommendation.- Evidence of the existence of wind
shear should be derivedfrom:
a) ground-based wind shear remote-sensing equipment, for
example, Doppler radar;
b) ground-based wind shear detection equipment, for
example, a system of suflace wind andor pressure
sensors located in an array monitoring a specific runway
or runways and associated approach and departure
paths;
c) aircraft observations during the climb-out or approach
phases of flight to be made in accordance with
Chapter 5; or
d) other meteorological information, for example, from
appropriate sensors located on existing masts or towers
in the viciniv of the aerodrome or nearby areas of high
ground.
Note.- Wind shear conditions are normally associated
with the following phenomena:
- thunderstorms, microbursts, funnel cloud (tornado or
waterspout), and gust fronts
APP 6-4
Appendix 6 Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation
- frontal suflaces
- strong surface winds coupled with local topography
- sea breeze fronts
- mountain waves (including low-level rotors in the
terminal area)
- low-level temperature inversions.
6.2 Format and dissemination of
wind shear warnings
Note.- Information on wind shear is also to be included as
supplementary information in local routine and special reports
and METAR and SPECI in accordance with the templates in
Tables A3-I and A3-2.
6.2.1 The wind shear warnings shall be prepared in
abbreviated plain language in accordance with the template in
Table A6-3 and disseminated for aerodromes where wind
shear is considered a factor in accordance with local arrangements
with the appropriate ATS authority and operators
concerned and by the meteorological ofice designated to provide
service for the aerodrome or disseminated directly from
automated ground-based wind shear remote-sensing or
detection equipment referred to in 6.1 a) and b).
6.2.2 Recommendation.- Where microbursts are observed,
reported by pilots or detected by ground-based wind
shear detection or remote-sensing equipment, the wind shear
warning should include a specific reference to microburst.
6.2.3 Recommendation.- Where information from
ground-based wind shear detection or remote-sensing
equipment is used to prepare a bind shear warning, the warning
should, ifpracticable, relate to specific sections of the runway
and distances along the approach path or take-offpath as
agreed between the meteorological authority, the appropriate
ATS authoriry and the operators concerned.
6.2.4 Recommendation.- When an aircraft report is
used to prepare a wind shear warning, or to confirm a warning
previously issued, the corresponding aircraft report,
including the aircraft type, should be given unchanged in the
warning.
Note I.- Following reported encounters by both arriving
and departing aircraft two dzfferent wind shear warnings may
exist, one for arn'ving aircraft and one for departing aircraft.
Note 2.- Specz3cations for reporting the intensity of wind
shear are still undergoing development. It is recognized,
however, that pilots, when reporting wind sheal; may use the
　
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