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touchdown zone runway visual range values should
be included for all such runways, up to a maximum of
four, and the runways to which the values refer should
be indicated.
4.3.6.6 Recommendation.- In METAR and SPECI
when instrumented systems are used for the assessment of runway
visual range, the variations in runway visual range during
the 10-minute period immediately preceding the observation
should be included as follows:
a) ifthe runway visual range values during the 10-minute
period have shown a distinct tendency, such that the
mean during the first 5 minutes varies by 100 m or more
f i m the mean during the second 5 minutes of the
period, this should be indicated. When the variation of
the runway visual range values shows an upward or
downward tendency, this should be indicated by the
abbreviation "U" or "D" respectively. In circumstances
when actual fluctuations during the -10-minute period
show no distinct tendency, this should be indicated using
the abbreviation "N". When indications of tendency are
not available, no abbreviations should be included; and
b) ifthe I-minute runway visual range values during the
10-minute period vary f i m the mean value by more
than 50 m or more than 20 per cent of the mean value,
whichever is greater, the I-minute mean minimum and
the I-minute mean maximum values should be reported
instead of the 10-minute mean value. I f the 10-minute
period immediately preceding the observation includes a
marked discontinuity in runway visual range values,
4.4.2.1 In local routine and special reports, observed
present weather phenomena shall be reported in terms of type
and characteristics and qualified with respect to intensity, as
appropriate.
4.4.2.2 In METAR and SPECI, observed present weather
phenomena shall be reported in terms of type and characteristics
and qualified with respect to intensity or proximity to the
aerodrome, as appropriate.
4.4.2.3 Recommendation.- In local routine and special
reports and in METAR and SPECI, the following types of
present weather phenomena should be reported, using their
respective abbreviations and relevant criteria, as appropriate:
a) Precipitation
Drizzle DZ
Rain
Snow
Snow grains SG
Ice pellets PL
Ice crystals (very small ice crystals in suspension, IC
also known as diamond dust)
- Reported only when associated visibility is
5 000 m or less.
Hail GR
- Reported when diameter of largest hailstones
is 5 mm or more.
Small hail and/or snow pellets GS
- Reported when diameter of largest hailstones is
less than 5 mm;
APP 3-7 25/11/04
Annex 3 - Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation Appendir 3
b) Obscurations (hydrorneteors)
Fog FG
- Reported when visibiliiy is less than 1 000 m,
except when qualified by "MI", "BC", "PR" or
"VC" (see 4.4.2.4 and 4.4.2.5).
Mist BR
- Reported when visibility is at least 1 000 m but not
more than 5 000 m:
c) Obscurations (lithometeors)
- me following should be used only when the
obscuration consists predominantly of lithometeors
and the visibility is 5 000 m or less except "SA "
when qualijied by "DR" (see 4.4.2.4) and volcanic
ash.
Sand SA
Dust (widespread) DU
Smoke
Volcanic ash
d) Other phenomena
Dust/sand whirls (dust devils)
Shower SH
- Used to report showers of rain "SHRA", snow
"SHSN': ice pellets "SHPL': hail "SHGR", small
hail and/or snow pellets "SHGS", or combinations
thereof; for example "SHRASN". Showers observed
in the vicinity of the aerodrome (see 4.4.2.5) should
be reported as "VCSH" without qualification
regarding type or intensity of precipitation.
Freezing FZ
- Supercooled water droplets or precipitation, used
only with FG, DZ and RA.
Blowing BL
- Used to report DU, SA or SN raised by the wind to
a height of 2 m (6jl) or more above the ground.
Low drifiing DR
- Used with DU, SA or SN raised by the wind to less
than 2 m (63) above ground level.
Shallow MI
- Less than 2 m (63) above ground level.
FU Patches BC
- Fog patches randomly covering the aerodrome.
VA
Partial PR
-A substantial part of the aerodrome covered by fog
PO
while the remainder is cleal:
Squall SQ 4.4.2.5 Recommendation.- In local routine and special
Funnel cloud (tornado or waterspout)
Duststorm
reports and in METAR and SPECI, the relevant intensify ol: ar FC appropriate, the pmximiiy to the aemdrome of the reported
　
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