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·  The aircraft sustains damage or
structural failure
·  is missing or inaccessible
between the time any person boards it
with the intention of flight, and all
persons have disembarked (ICAO
definition). This does not include
injuries from natural causes, which
are self-inflicted or inflicted by other
people, or stowaways hiding on
places not normally accessible to
passengers and crew.
Air Law 207
Significant or Substantial Damage in this
context essentially means anything
that may involve an insurance claim,
but officially is damage or failure
affecting structure or performance,
normally involving major repairs.
Under ICAO, a fatal injury is one that
involves death within 30 days. A
serious injury involves:
·  more than 48 hours in hospital
within 7 days.
·  more than simple fractures of
fingers, toes and nose.
·  lacerations causing nerve or
muscle damage or severe
haemorrhage.
·  injury to any internal organ.
·  2nd or 3rd degree burns or any
over 5% of the body.
·  exposure to infectious
substances or radiation.
The Accident Investigation Branch
investigates aircraft accidents, and
has teams of investigators on 24-
hour standby to go worldwide. Its
function is not to apportion blame,
but to ensure that accidents don't
happen again.
An accident must be reported to the
AAIB and the local police as soon as
possible – the PIC is responsible.
Post Accident Procedures
The pilot or senior survivor,
Company or aerodrome authority (in
that order, if practical) should take as
much as possible of the following
action after evacuating passengers to
either a sheltered location upwind of
the aircraft, or into the liferaft:
·  Prevent tampering with the
wreckage by ANYBODY
except to save life, avoid danger
to other persons or prevent
damage by fire, for which turn
the fuel and battery OFF—
disconnect it if there is no risk
of a spark, but the AAIB won't
like you to touch too much, so
remove only emergency
equipment, like first aid kits or
survival packs, noting where
you got them from. Account for
all people on board. Attend the
injured and cover bodies.
·  Activate the distress beacon and
maybe use aircraft radio
equipment. Prepare
pyrotechnics, select, and prepare
a helicopter landing site or lay
out search and rescue signals.
·  If people or communications
are close, send for assistance.
·  If rescue is likely to be delayed
because of distance or failing
daylight, prepare suitable
shelters, distribute necessary
rations of food and water. If
necessary, find fresh water.
·  Inform the Company (Ops Mgr,
Chief Pilot) the quickest way of:
·  Aircraft and Reg No
·  Time and position of
accident
·  Details of survivors
·  Nature of
occurrence/other details
·  Notify Police, Fire, Ambulance,
ATC, Gas/Electricity
·  Note weather details.
208 JAR Private Pilot Studies
·  Make sketches, take photo.
Preserve and protect documents
and any flight data recorders.
·  Refer media to the Company.
Aircraft Accident Reporting
All phone calls and actions taken
should be recorded by the person
receiving the initial notification –
continuous watch should be kept for
at least 48 hours or the duration of
the process, whichever is longer.
Callers should be identified, to
ensure it is not a false alarm and to
ensure it is indeed a company
aircraft. No information should be
released without Company authority,
mainly for liability reasons.
An Accident Report form should be
completed, in addition to complying
with the laws and regulations of the
country of registration and the
country in which the accident or
incident occurred. If there is any
doubt, the occurrence should be
reported as an Accident; it can be
reclassified later.
The Company should form an
Accident Board, consisting of people
with varying qualifications as
deemed necessary. This won’t be
done on the spot, there should be a
permanent list somewhere. Only
allow 1 photographer and reporter
on the scene (let them fight it out
amongst themselves).
　
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