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3.5.2 North Sea HUMS
North Sea HUMS was developed by British avionics company SHL (currently Smiths Aerospace). It is also a .rst generation HUMS, and is together with IHUMS one of the .rst two systems on the market. Although in the process of becoming obsolete, it is still widely used and has a good reputation among its users. North Sea HUMS uses a ground-station running on UNIX, and o.ers remote desktop capabilities. Diagnosis is based on basic condition indicator thresholds.

3.5.3 EuroHUMS
In 1993, the Norwegian operator Helicopter Service negotiated HUMS instal-lation as part of a Super Puma purchase contract. Eurocopter did however not have a HUMS program at the time. As an intermediate solution, HUMS development was outsourced to SHL. SHL were one of the most experienced companies in this .eld, and had already developed a HUMS for Super Puma, North Sea HUMS. EuroHUMS is simply a Eurocopter customized version of this system.

3.5.4 GenHUMS
GenHUMS is manufactured by Smiths Aerospace. The GenHUMS grounds station works standalone, but can also relay data back to the OEM. The sys-tem uses a cluster-based data fusion technique merging all indicators from a component into a single value. This data fusion indicator is then subjected to trend analysis, uncoupling aircraft speci.c and fault indicating features [22].
Although
the
trend
analysis
part
is
not
yet
commercialized,
this
con-
stitutes one of the most interesting advances in HUMS research, as it makes it possible to produce an autonomous HUMS not requiring aircraft speci.c training.

3.5.5 IMD HUMS
IMD HUMS is manufactured by Goodrich Fuel Systems. This system fea-tures state of the art diagnosis methods, including .ight regime recognition for more accurate load and wear estimation based on actual use. The IMD HUMS grounds station works standalone, but can also relay data back to the OEM.
The IMD HUMS compensate for torque variations using a "bucket"-based system, sorting indicator values into classes given by the torque at the time of
the
acquisition
[29].
The
data
in
each
class
is
then
processed
individually.
Further processing involves deploying a cluster-based data fusion technique merging
all
indicators
from
a
component
into
a
single
value
[3].
These
values
are normalized, based on training data, to stay between zero and one for any possible input. This makes it easy to mark up normal, suspect and faulty regions for each component.

3.6. M’ARMS AND EUROARMS
3.5.6 T-HUMS
T-HUMS is manufactured by Israeli avionics company RSL. This is a military system which, contrary to civilian HUMS implementations, is capable of performing the bulk of its calculations in .ight. It can also be .tted with a cockpit display providing the pilots with real-time battle damage assessment.
　
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