ARINC Protocol Tutorial 19
CHAPTER 2
Other ARINC Protocols
ARINC 419
Reference 7, ARINC 419 Digital Data System Compendium, describes a
number of digital transmission system building blocks which where
available prior to 1984. It provides a synopsis of many protocols that
predate ARINC 429 such as ARINC 561, 582, 573 and 575.
The reference describes a number of digital transmission systems with
varying standards. Some systems used 32-bit words similar to ARINC
429; some used major frames of four subframes each consisting of 64, 12-
bit words. Still others used 32-bit, rather than 64-bit words. Some
message frames were 24 bits with three subframes of two BCD words.
Some systems did not provide information identifiers; others used 8-bit
label codes, and another depended on time slots for identifying
information. Identification of BCD vs. BNR was provided by a flag bit in
either the 1st bit or the 4th bit transmitted. A variety of standard data labels
were adopted.
Some electrical interconnections depended on one wire per bit; others used
the 6 wire system described above while others used a shielded 2 wire
twisted pair or a coaxial cable. Either two state, (HI LO), or three state (HI
NULL LO) were used. Voltage levels ranged from 18.5 to 10 for the high
state and from (less than) 5 to 1 for the null where used. Digital languages
included Gilham code (an example is the altitude encoder for the ATC
Transponder), a bit stream you determined in each individual case,
International Standards Organization (ISO) Alphabet #5, BCD, and BNR.
In some cases there was no error detection or correction, others used bit
parity or character parity, or block sequence check. Bit rate varied from
384 BPS to 12+ KBPS, and there were many other variations among
systems.
The variability of “standards” doesn’t matter where a single user is
involved, but is very important when equipment from different suppliers
must interact with each other. Standardization is beneficial not only to the
aircraft integrator, but to the equipment supplier who can have greater
assurance of product acceptability so long as it is “on spec”. ARINC 429
ARINC 453 Other ARINC Protocols
20 ARINC Protocol Tutorial
is the most widely applied Digital Data Transmission specification for
modern transport aircraft. ARINC 429 draws on the experience of 419 but
does not depend on it.
ARINC 453
Not a formally released specification. See ARINC 708.
ARINC 561/568
The need for standardized digital data transmission arose during the
development of ARINC Characteristics 561, “Air Transport Inertial
Navigation System”. ARINC 568 uses the same electrical interface as
ARINC 561.
A six-wire system involving 3 pairs of wires, was used in 561. The three
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