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in a progressive manner and gain recognition for those aspects which have been adopted. The scheme meets the
draft standard’s requirements for the functional safety assessment of programmable electronic systems.
For a more detailed description of the results of the project see A framework for assessment in Chapter 5.
References
[1/2] Technical Baseline, Jun 1994, + D.
[3/1] Characteristics of the Marketplace for a Safety Evaluation and Certification Scheme, April 1996, + D.
[4/1] Final Report on Workpackage 4: Development of an Organisational Structure, July 1995, + D.
[5/1] Technical Approach (issued as 10 separate sections), May 1996, + D*.
[6/1] Report on Current Law on Liability for Defective Safety-Critical Systems, September 1994, + D.
[6/2] Commercial Implications of Current Law on Liability for Safety Critical Systems, March 1995, + D.
[6/3] Legal Implications of the Proposed Framework, May 1996, + D.
[6/4] Final Report on Legal Implications of the Proposed Framework, May 1996, + D.
[6/5] Insurance Survey Results, February 1996, + D.
[7/1] Contact Liaison under the FRESCO Project, May 1996, + D.
[9/3] Final Report, May 1996, + D.
[11/2]Process Sector Interest Group: Final Report, May 1996, + D.
* The sections of [5/1] are available from the Distribution Centre in seven volumes. Volume [5/1/1-2] contains
sections 1 and 2. Volume [5/1/5-7] contains sections 5, 6 and 7. Sections 3, 4, 8, 9 and 10 are available as [5/1/3]
etc.
Project number: 9226 Approx. Project Cost:£1m Start date: Dec 1993 End date: May 1996
Advances in Safety Critical Systems - Results and Achievements from the DTI/EPSRC R&D Programme. Compiled and edited by Mike Falla.
12
HUFIDESAC Human Factors in the Design of Safety Critical Systems
Department of Psychology, University of Hull
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering,
University of Bradford.
Contact: Prof G R J Hockey
Department of Psychology
University of Hull
Hull, HU6 7RX
Tel: 01482 465539
Summary
The HUFIDESAC project focused on the application of Human Factors approaches to the analysis of human error
in the design process of a safety-critical railway signalling control system, Solid-State Interlocking (SSI).
These approaches include:
· task analysis of the data preparation process;
· error analysis of naturally occurring error patterns;
· analysis of the cognitive processes leading to errors;
· design of tasks, procedures and the working environment to reduce the occurrence and impact of human error.
Development of a model of the human operator as a fallible, error-prone system component can then be used to
optimise the software design process.
For a more detailed description see section 11.2, Avoiding human error in design.
References
[1] Skilled performance and mental workload, Hockey, G.R.J., In Warr, P (Ed.) Psychology at Work (4th ed.),
London: Penguin, 1996.
[2] Human Factors Engineering: An Introduction, Hockey, G.R.J. and Westerman, S.J., Report No. SCS-02.
Department of Psychology, University of Hull, 1995, + D.
[3] The influence of task difficulty in a safety-critical labelling task, Shryane, N.M., Westerman, S.J., Crawshaw,
C.M., Hockey, G.R.J. & Wyatt-Millington, C.W., in Özok, A.F. and Salvendy, G. (Eds.) Advances in Applied
Ergonomics, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Applied Ergonomics (ICAE’96), Istanbul,
Turkey, May 21-24, 1996.
[4] Task Analysis of the Solid-State Interlocking design process, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M., Crawshaw,
C.M., Hockey, G.R.J. & Wyatt-Millington, C.W., Report No. SCS-01, Department of Psychology, University
of Hull, 1994, + C.
[5] Cognitive diversity: A structured approach to trapping human error, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M.,
Crawshaw, C.M., Hockey, G.R.J. & Wyatt-Millington, C.W., In G. Rabe (Ed.) SafeComp ‘95, Proceedings of
the 14th International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security, 11th-14th October, 1995,
Italy.
[6] Error Analysis of the Solid-State Interlocking design process, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M., Crawshaw,
C.M., Hockey, G.R.J. & Wyatt-Millington, C.W., Report No. SCS-04, Department of Psychology, University
of Hull, 1995, + D.
[7] Human factors in the design of safety-critical systems: Project overview, Shryane, N.M., Westerman, S.J.,
Crawshaw, C.M., Hockey, Jul 1996, + D.
[8] Task Analysis of the Solid State Interlocking Design Process, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M., Sauer, J., Apr
1994, + D.
[9] Multidimensional Analysis of Human Error, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M., Crawshaw, C.M., Hockey,
G.R.J., 1996, + D.
[10] A Work Sample Analysis of a Safety-Critical Programming Task, Westerman, S.J., Shryane, N.M.,
　
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