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least 1 Hz.
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Volume ZV
4.2.3.3.3 Mode A/C ACAS I interference limits. The interrogator power shall not exceed the following limits:
kl
Upper limit for { P, (k))
na k = l
n, = number of operating ACAS II and ACAS 111 equipped aircraft near own
(based on ACAS broadcasts received with a transponder receiver
threshold of -74 dBm);
{ } = average value of the expression within the brackets over last 8
interrogation cycles;
P,(k) = peak power radiated from the antenna in all directions of the pulse having
the largest amplitude in the group of pulses comprising a single
interrogation during the kth Mode A/C interrogation in a 1 s interrogation
cycle, W,
k = index number for Mode AIC interrogations, k = 1, 2, ..., kt;
4 = number of Mode A/C interrogations transmitted in a 1 s interrogatiun
cycle;
f, = Mode A/C reply rate of own tr,ulsponder.
4.2.3.3.4 Mode S ACAS I interference limits. An ACAS I that uses Mode S interrogations shall not cause greater
interference effects than an ACAS I using Mode A/C interrogations only.
Chapter 4 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
4.3 GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO
ACAS 11 AND ACAS 111
Note 1.- The acronym ACAS is used in this section to indicate either ACAS II or ACAS III.
Note 2.- Carriage requirements for ACAS equipment are addressed in Annex 6, Part I, Chapter 6.
Note 3.- The term "equipped threat" is used in this section to indicate a threatfitted with ACAS 11 or ACAS III.
4.3.1 Functional requirements
4.3.1.1 ACAS functions. ACAS shall perform the following functions:
a) surveillance;
b) generation of TAs;
c) threat detection;
d) generation of RAs;
e) coordination; and
f) communication with ground stations.
The equipment shall execute functions b) through e) on each cycle of operation.
Note.- Certairz features of thesefinctiorzs nzust be standardized to ensure that ACAS units cooperate satkf"acrori1y wirh
other ACAS unrts, with Mode S ground stations and with the ATC system. Each of the feutures that are standardized is
discussed below. Certain other features arc given herein as recommendations.
4.3.1.1.1 The duration of a cycle shall not cxceed 1.2 s.
4.3.2 Surveillance performance requirements
4.3.2.1 Generul surveillance reqztii-entents. ACAS shall interrogate SSR Mode A/C and Mode S transponders in other
aircraft and detect the transponder replies. ACAS shall measure tlie I-ange and relative bearing of responding a~rcraft.
Using these measurements and infonnalion conveyed by transponder replies, ACAS shall estimate the relatlve positions
of each responding aircraft. ACAS shall include provisions for achieving such position delemination in the prcscnce of
ground reflections, interference and variations in signal strcnglh.
4.3.2.1.1 Track establi~lznlerzpt l-obabilrty ACAS shall gcnerate an established track, with at least a 0.90 probability
that tlie track is established 30 s bcibrc closest approach, on aircraft equipped w~thtr ansponders when all of the following
conditions are sat~shed:
a) the elevation anglcs of these aircraft arc within 210 degrees relative to the ACAS aircraft pitch plane;
b) tlie magnitudes of these aircraft's rates of change of allilude are less than or eclual to 5 1 mds (1 0 000 [Urnin);
C) the transponders and antennas of these aircraft ineel Lhc Standards of Chapter 3, 3 ~ 1 ~an1d 3.1.2;
d) the closing speeds and directions of these aircraft, the local density of SSR transponder-cquipped aircraft and the
number of othcr ACAS interrogators in ~ h cvi cinity (as determined by monitoring ACAS broadcasts, 4.3.7.1.2.4)
satisfy the conditions specified irl Table 4-1; and
e) the minimuin slant range is equal to or greater lhan 300 rn (1 000 ft).
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
Table 4-1
Volume IV
4.3.2.1.1.1 ACAS shall continue to provide surveillance with no abrupt degradation in track establishment probability
as any onc of the condition bounds defined in 4.3.2.1.1 is exceedcd.
4.3.2.1.1.2 ACAS shall not track Mode S aircraft that repurt Bla~~ lleya re or1 the gmund.
Performance
Probability
of succcss
0.90
0.90
Conditions
N n t ~- A Mode S aircraft may report that it is on the ground by coding in the cupubiliiy (CA)$ eld in a DF = 11
or DF = 17 trarlsmission (Chapter 3, 3.1.2.5.2.2.1) or by coding in the vertical status (VS) jield in a DF = 0
transmission (Chapter 3, 3.1.2.8.2.1). Alternatively, if the aircraft is under Mode gmrind surveillance, ground status
nzay be determined by monitoring the flight status (FS) field in downlink formats DF = 4, 5, 20 or 21 (Chapter 3,
3.1.2.6.5.1 ).
4.3.2.1.1.3 Recornmendation.- ACAS should achieve the required tracking perfonnnnce when the average SSR
　
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