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requiring a decision is where to have the flight recorders read
out and analysed. It is essential that the flight recorders be read
out as early as possible after an accident. Early identification
of problem areas can affect the investigation at the accident
site where evidence is sometimes transient. Early identification
of problem areas may also result in urgent safety recommendations
which may be necessary to prevent a similar
occurrence.
Many States do not have their own facilities for the
playback and analysis of flight recorder information (both
voice and data) and consequently request assistance from other
States. It is essential, therefore, that the accident investigation
authority of the State conducting the investigation make timely
arrangements to read out the flight recorders at a suitable
readout facility.
Choice of facility
The investigating State may request assistance from any State
that, in its opinion, can best serve the investigation. The manufacturer's
standard replay equipment and playback software,
which is typically used by airlines and maintenance facilities,
is not considered adequate for investigation purposes. Special
recovery and analysis techniques are usually required if the
recorders have been damaged.
Facilities for the read-out of flight recorders should have
the following capabilities:
a) the ability to disassemble and read out recorders that
have sustained substantial damage;
b) the ability to play back the original recording/memory
module without the need for the use of a manufacturer's
copy &vice or the recorder housing that was involved in
the accident or incident;
c) the ability to manually analyse the raw binary waveform
from digital tape flight data recorders;
d) the ability to enhance and filter voice recordings
digitally by means of suitable software; and
e) the capability to graphically analyse data, to derive
additional parameters not explicitly recorded, to validate
the data by cross-checking and other analytical methods
to determine data accuracy and limitations.
Participation by the State of Manufacture
(or Design) and the State of the Operator
The State of Manufacture (or Design) has airworthiness
responsibilities and the expertise normally required to read out
and analyse flight recorder information. Since flight recorder .
information can often reveal airworthiness problems, the State
of Manufacture (or Design) should have a representative
present when the flight recorder read-out and analysis are
being conducted in a State other than the State of Manufacture
(or Design).
The State of the Operator has regulatory responsibilities
regarding the flight operation and can provide insights into
operational issues which may be specific to the operator. Since
flight recorder information can reveal operational problems,
the State of the Operator should also have a representative
present when the flight recorder read-out and analysis are
being conducted.
Recommended procedures
The flight data recorder and the cockpit voice recorder should
be read out by the same facility, because they contain
complementary data which can help validate each recording
and aid in determining timing and synchronization.
Flight recorders should not be opened or powered up and
original recordings should not be copied (particularly not by
high-speed copy devices) prior to the read-out because of the
risk of damage to the recordings.
The facility at which the flight recorders are read out for
another State should be given an opportunity to comment on
the Final Report in order to ensure that the characteristics of
the flight recorder analysis have been taken into account.
The facility at which the flight recorders are read out may
require the expertise of the aircraft manufacturer and the
operator in order to verify the calibration data and validate the
recorded information.
ANNEX 13 ATT D-1 1/111O1
Annex 13 -Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation
The State conducting the investigation may leave the
original recordings, or a copy of them, with the read-out
facility until the investigation is completed, in order to
facilitate the timely resolution of additional requests or
clarifications, providing that the facility has adequate security
procedures to safeguard the recordings.
- END -
ATT D-2
ICAO TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS
The following summary gives the status, and also
describes in general terms the contents of the various
series of technical publications issued by the
International Civil Aviation Organization. It does not
　
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