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interest in the gas mixture - expressed as volume percentage
or as parts per million.
Flame ionization de&chr. A hydrogen-air diffusion flame
detector that produces a signal nominally proportional to the
mass-flow rate of hydrocarbons entering the flame per unit of
time - generally assumed responsive to the number of
carbon atoms entering the flame.
Znteqerence. Instrument response due to presence of
components other than the gas (or vapour) that is to be
measured.
Noise. Random variation in instrument output not associated
with characteristics of the sample to which the instrument
is responding, and distinguishable from its drift
characteristics.
Refemnce gas. A mixture of gases of specified and
known composition used as the basis for interpreting
instrument response in terms of the concentration of the gas
to which the instrument is responding.
Repeatability. The closeness with which a measurement
upon a given, invariant sample can be reproduced in shortterm
repetitions of the measurement with no intervening
instrument adjustment.
Resoluiion. The smallest change in a measurement which
can be detected.
Response. The change in instrument output signal that
occurs with change in sample concentration. Also the output
signal corresponding to a given sample concentration.
Shbilily. The closeness with which repeated measurements
upon a given invariant sample can be maintained over
a given period of time.
Zero drift. Time-related deviation of instnunent output
from zero set point when it is operating on gas free of the
component to be measured.
Zero gas. A gas to be used in establishing the zero, or noresponse,
adjustment of an instrument.
11/5V93 36 ANNEX 16 - VOLUME I1
Appendix 5 Annex 16 - Environmental Protection
EXHAUST
NOZZLE
PROBE
NOZZLE CENTRE LINE
SAMPLE
TRANSFER
LlNE
Minimum of 4
nozzle diameters
18 - 25 nozzle diameters
I\\\\\\\\\\\\
NOZZLE SAMPLING
EXIT PLANE PLANE
Flgure 5-1. Exhaust gas sampling system, schematic
Annex 16 - Environmental Protection Volume I1
Figure 5-2. Sample transfer and analysis system, schematic
REPRESENE (GROUP OF) VALVE(S1 TO IMPLmENT
REQUIRED ROUTE SELECTIOIY(S1
LINE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED AT 160%
- - - -
- - - - LINE TEMPERATURE CONTROLLED AT BdDC
FURTHER NOTES AND DETAIL IN TEXT
VENT VENT VENT
t t
HC U) ma
ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ANALYSIS
DUMP + PUMP
J I
----- - - - - - - - I
I
ANALYSIS
VENT
Appendix 5 Annex 16 - Environmentnl htection
3. DATA REQUIRED
3.1 Gaseous emissions
Concentrations of the following emissions shall be
determined:
a) Hydrocarbons (HC): a combined estimate of all
hydrocarbon compounds present in the exhaust gas.
b) Carbon monoxide (CO).
c) Carbon dioxide (C02).
Note.- CO, is not considered a pollutanr bur its
concentration is required for calculation and check
sample flowing to the oxides of nitrogen and the hydrocarbon
analysis ins@umentation. Requirements for the various
component sub-systems are given in 5, hut the following list
gives some qualifications and variations:
a) it is assumed that each of the various individual subsystems
includes the necessary flow control, conditioning
and measurement facilities;
b) the necessity for a dump andlor a hot-sample pump
will depend on the ability to meet the sample transfer
time and analysis sub-system sample flow rate
requirements. This in turn depends on the exhaust
sample-driving pressure and line losses. It is
considered that these pumps usually will be necessary
at certain engine running conditions; and
purposes. c) the position of the hot pump, relative to the gas
analysis sub-systems, may be varied as required. (For
d) Oxides of nitrogen (NO,): an estimate of the sum of example, some HC analysers contain hot pumps and
the two oxides, nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen so may be judged capable of being used upstream of
dioxide (NO,). the system hot pump.)
e) Nitric oxide (NO).
3.2 Other information
In order to normalize the emissions measurement data and to
quantify the engine test characteristics, other information in
addition to the requirements of Chapter 3, 3.4 shall be
provided as follows:
Note.- Figures 5-1 and 5-2 a n schemaric drawings of
the exhaust gas sampling and analytical system and ryptfy the
basic requirements for emissions testing.
5. DESCRLPTlON OF
COMPONENT PARTS
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