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Total estimated elapsed time. For IFR flights, the estimated
time required from take-off to arrive over that designated
point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which
it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will be
commenced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with the
destination aerodrome, to arrive over the destination
aerodrome. For VFR flights, the estimated time required
from take-off to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
Track. The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually
expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid).
Traffic avoidance advice. Advice provided by an air traffic
services unit specifying manoeuvres to assist a pilot to
avoid a collision.
Traffic information. Information issued by an air traffic
services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air
traffic which may be in proximity to the position or intended
route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a collision.
Transition altitude. The altitude at or below which the vertical
position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to altitudes.
Unmanned free balloon. A non-power-driven, unmanned,
lighter-than-air aircraft in free flight.
Note.— Unmanned free balloons are classified as heavy,
medium or light in accordance with specifications contained in
Appendix 4.
VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.
VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual
flight rules.
Visibility. Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of:
a) the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable
dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and
recognized when observed against a bright background;
b) the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of
1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an
unlit background.
Note.— The two distances have different values in air of a
given extinction coefficient, and the latter b) varies with the
background illumination. The former a) is represented by the
meteorological optical range (MOR).
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Visual meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions
expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and
ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
Note.— The specified minima are contained in Chapter 4.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
conditions.
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14/11/91 6 ANNEX 2
CHAPTER 2. APPLICABILITY OF THE RULES OF THE AIR
2.1 Territorial application of
the rules of the air
2.1.1 The rules of the air shall apply to aircraft bearing
the nationality and registration marks of a Contracting State,
wherever they may be, to the extent that they do not conflict
with the rules published by the State having jurisdiction over
the territory overflown.
Note.— The Council of the International Civil Aviation
Organization resolved, in adopting Annex 2 in April 1948 and
Amendment 1 to the said Annex in November 1951, that the
Annex constitutes Rules relating to the flight and manoeuvre of
aircraft within the meaning of Article 12 of the Convention.
Over the high seas, therefore, these rules apply without
exception.
2.1.2 If, and so long as, a Contracting State has not
notified the International Civil Aviation Organization to the
contrary, it shall be deemed, as regards aircraft of its
registration, to have agreed as follows:
For purposes of flight over those parts of the high seas
where a Contracting State has accepted, pursuant to a
regional air navigation agreement, the responsibility of
providing air traffic services, the “appropriate ATS
authority” referred to in this Annex is the relevant
authority designated by the State responsible for providing
those services.
Note.— The phrase “regional air navigation agreement”
refers to an agreement approved by the Council of ICAO
normally on the advice of a Regional Air Navigation Meeting.
2.2 Compliance with the rules of the air
The operation of an aircraft either in flight or on the movement
area of an aerodrome shall be in compliance with the general
rules and, in addition, when in flight, either with:
a) the visual flight rules, or
b) the instrument flight rules.
Note 1.— Information relevant to the services provided to
　
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