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some still has not. However, national
parliaments have their own schedules.
They reflect their individual priorities, but
as Marsh says, 揷hanging their airspace
may not be one of them.?With 38 separate
Member States in EUROCONTROL
and 27 European Union members these
things take time.
It also takes time to deal with the social
implications of change. The employees
within aviation need to buy into the new
vision for Europe抯 air industry. They
need to be persuaded that the changes
affecting them are first of all necessary
and secondly acceptable. Much has
been said about keeping the human
in the loop, but what will happen if air
traffic controllers (ATCOs) decide that
they are unwilling to go along with the
new working environments and practices
?heavily reliant as they will be on
automation? Likewise, the additional
responsibilities destined for flight deck
crews may also not be acceptable to
all. How willing will pilots be to take
on additional responsibility from the
ATCOs for keeping their aircraft at safe
distances from those around them?
Society, too, is becoming less tolerant
of the air industry and expansion plans
for airports and flight movements are
becoming harder to implement.
That said, Marsh is positive that these
challenges are surmountable ?it is,
he insists, mostly a question of timescales!
n
cally invisible. He says it should deliver
a product much like today抯 mobile
phone service works for the majority of
customers, in a seamless and uninterrupted
manner. The vast infrastructures
which make these GSM phones work is
taken for granted until those relatively rare
occasions when the service is lost.
However, achieving a similar standard
for aviation relies on two factors which
are largely beyond the control not just of
air industry stakeholders but of man in
general ?climate change and institutional
and social change.
Climate change is now almost universally
accepted as inevitable, although its
causes are still being debated. As the
ice continues to melt and water streams
off the land masses which had hitherto
kept it from the sea, water levels will rise.
How much, though, is uncertain, but with
a substantial number of airports situated
along the coastlines and on flood
plains, the disruption this may cause to
these airports is still being assessed. It
remains to be seen what the effect will be
on these airports and how much ?if any
?capacity will be lost. Another unknown
factor is the extent to which seasonal
traffic will change. As weather patterns
alter, what will happen to the annual
skiing season, and will some holiday
destinations become too harsh for the
tourists more used to the north European
climate?
Timescales are another risk. It is never
absolutely clear how long it will take
Focus
30
Review
Mr Adriatik Kokona, Stakeholder Implementation Service Project Manager at
EUROCONTROL, explains how the Agency has been supporting the
modernisation of Albania抯 air traffic management system.
Albania
EUROCONTROL抯 support
The EUROCONTROL Agency manages
requests for support through special
agreements. These are contracts
between EUROCONTROL and the
States concerned, detailing the scope,
timescale, deliverables and, where
appropriate, the cost to the State for the
EUROCONTROL personnel effort and
mission costs required to achieve the
objectives stated within the agreement.
For the project in support of NATA, the
work packages included airspace and
procedure design, radar system procurement
and SASS evaluation, system
safety and the ATC unit safety case,
ATC training advice and ATC operational
procedures. NATA experts were closely
involved in every work package and,
through a transfer of knowledge, were
able to accomplish much of the work
themselves.
For example, NATA were able to produce
with EUROCONTROL抯 guidance the
system and ATC unit safety cases. NATA
now have the knowledge to update the
safety cases with minimal assistance
from EUROCONTROL should system or
procedure changes be introduced in the
future.
Another example is ATC training.
EUROCONTROL together with the
assistance of NATA controllers developed
the ATC course objectives and
draft approach surveillance control ATC
operating procedures. These were the
basis of the approach surveillance control
refresher courses which a core team of
experienced controllers undertook earlier
　
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本文鏈接地址：Skyway Magazine Winter 2008(23)