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1500Z: PIC departs Roswell. Following a few traffic advisories from the tower the PIC is approved to proceed on course and change frequencies. The first call is to Albuquerque FSS (via the Roswell RCO) to activate the flight plan at 1500Z. On reaching 11,500 feet, the PIC calls ZAB center for flight following and is immediately handed off to ZFW center, which agrees to provide flight following. Weather is a high thin overcast with 50 miles visibility. . ZFW indicates that the Reese 2 and Reese 4 MOAs are active, so the pilot flies the alternate route, about 10 miles out of his way.
How does the pilot learn of the developing situation? The VFR GA pilot has only his eyes and VHF radio for situation awareness. The PIC is using the following services:
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visual observation

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FSS when able. Remote sites allow voice radio contact with regional FSS’s.

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TWEB - NWS continuous broadcasts over LF or VOR voice.

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weather Advisory Broadcasts - broadcast locally by Centers once on all frequencies when severe weather within 150 miles of facility.

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HIWAS - Hazardous in-flight weather Advisor Service. Continuous broadcast of significant weather advisories. Replacing weather Advisory Broadcasts. Instructions for HIWAS (including monitor frequency) are broadcast once on Center and Terminal frequencies. FSS’s will also broadcast instructions once.

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AWOS - Automated weather Observing System. Weather at airports, transmitted on local discrete VHF or voice VOR. Range 24 nm, 10,000 feet. 30-20 seconds each minute. Frequencies found in Airport/Facility Directory and approach plates.

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En route Flight Advisory Service (EFAS, or Flight Watch) (for 5,000-17,500) 122.0. Give Center, nearest VOR, get weather information.

Scenario Continued 1800Z: PIC has been using flight following with Fort Worth Center, with no discussion other than hand-offs and hourly off-frequency requests to talk with FSS (via the Lubbock and Breckenridge RCOs) and Flight Watch. Reports continue to indicate that a 9,000 ceiling feet all the way to DFW with visibility 25 miles. Approaching Abilene, PIC notices visibility decreasing to less than 15 miles and observes a line of clouds ahead with a ceiling which appears to be about 8,000 feet. Monitoring the ZFW Flight Following sector frequency, he overhears center discussing vectors for weather. He contacts Ft. Worth FSS, via the Breckenridge RCO, where he learns that the NWS is now forecasting marginal VFR at DFW by 2000Z with possible local thunderstorms, and light rain is reported at several airports north of his route. One PIREP about 50 miles east is reporting a 6,500 foot ceiling. The PIC reports his own observation in a PIREP.
How does replanning occur?
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maps on lap

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Airport/Facility Directory on lap

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flight following advisories

 

　
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