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2.2.1 Flight Planning
2.2.1.1 Operator Classes Commonalties
The fundamental purpose of a flight conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) is for Air Traffic Control to provide assistance in the basic separation assurance function because the pilot may not be able to “see and avoid” other aircraft. When a flight is conducted under an approved IFR flight plan then the pilot, or flight crew, may assume that ATC is sharing the responsibility for collision avoidance.
To facilitate the collision avoidance function, there are a minimum set of requirements that must be met in order to file and fly a flight under Instrument Flight Rules. The Airmen’s Information Manual (AIM) states:
Prior to departure from within, or prior to entering controlled airspace, a pilot
must submit a complete flight plan and receive an air traffic clearance, if
weather conditions are below VFR minimums.
The AIM also goes on to declare that the flight plan should be filed at least 30 minutes in advance of the departure in order to allow the air traffic service providers a chance to process the flight plan in a timely manner and avoid departure delays.
Included in the flight plan is a requirement to provide information about the aircraft, including its weight class (if a “heavy,” over 300,000 lb.) and navigational and transponder capabilities. In addition, the route of flight (including requested cruise altitude) must be indicated in the flight plan.
An increasingly important purpose of flight planning is to allow traffic flow managers and air traffic controllers to predict and manage congested air space and traffic flow problems.

In order to fly an FAA-approved flight plan under Instrument Flight Rules, there are a minimum number of tasks that must be completed, whether the flight will be conducted in a Cessna 172 or a Boeing 777. The adjacent figure shows a flow diagram of the tasks outlining the sequence of events for developing an IFR flight plan.
At this point we will note the common Goals, Constraints, Information used, and the Sources of Information in the flight planning process among the various classes of airspace
Select Aircraft Type

user.
It is usually the case that all airspace users have as their primary Goal the safe and efficient transport of aircraft and cargo (including passengers) between Points “A” and “B.” Safety is always first, but efficiency of operation is also a universal goal. How efficiency manifests itself (i.e., the relative priority of various efficiency sub-goals) depends on the class of operator and therefore will be discussed in the operator class-specific sections below.
Constraints vary greatly between the different classes of operators, but a common set includes: payload and range based on fuel capacity, ability to penetrate different types of weather safely (e.g., low visibility landing and en route icing conditions), terrain, congested airspace and other ATC constraints, individual traffic, SUA’s, winds aloft, aircraft capabilities
　
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