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This document will define some methods by which all States with high ATC/TMA complexity levels can apply the agreed radar separation minima. It will show which performance parameters and Standards, linked to the CIP Objectives and Deliverables in the various Domains, should be implemented before the appropriate ATS authority is able to calculate and measure the whole system performance, in terms of risk of collision per flight hour, and approve the appropriate radar separation minima for en-route, TMAs and final approach tracks, respectively. Several Convergence and Implementation Objectives have to be linked together and simultaneously completed in order to reach the full ECAC Objectives as previously described.
In order to establish the linkage between the various CIP objectives, which are to be met for the fulfilment of the ECAC high level Objectives, this document specifies the requirements for the practical application of the prescribed radar separation minima.
National Administrations and EUROCONTROL will use it as a reference document permitting the identification of which CIP objectives, in different Domains, are still on the critical path for the application of the ECAC prescribed radar separation values, thereby enabling planners to define the proper priorities.
It will also provide guidance information for States to facilitate the development of National airspace environments where 5NM/10NM and/or 3NM/2.5NM Air Traffic Control radar separation minima can be approved by the State’s Air Traffic Services (ATS) Authority.
4.  SCOPE OF THE DOCUMENT
This document addresses the application of Radar Separation Minima within the ECAC en-route upper and lower airspace and within terminal airspace and on the final approach segment in respect to GAT. OAT and State aircraft are bound to these provisions when operating under ICAO regulations. Both mono and multi-radar environments are considered when determining the safety, operational and technical criteria to support the authorised application of the radar separation minima within one sector, between two sectors (same ACC), between two sectors (adjacent ACCs), silent handovers (same/adjacent ACC) and in TMAs or on final approach segment.
5.  CRITERIA FOR ACCURACY OF A RADAR SYSTEM TO SUPPORT 5/10NM SEPARATION MINIMA
An ATS system is a complex entity involving aviation authorities, human resources, management and maintenance of technical resources, operational procedures and safety aspects. This section addresses respectively the safety, technical and operational aspects.
The radar separation minimum is the starting point for applying radar separation between any pair, or larger number, of aircraft. According to ICAO rules -“the radar separation minimum shall be prescribed by the appropriate ATS authority according to the capability of the particular system to accurately identify the aircraft position in relation to the centre of the radar position symbol” (ICAO Doc 4444 Part VI, par. 7.4.3). This minimum is therefore to be related to the accuracy to which the radar system is capable of representing the aircraft positions on the display and is considered under section 5.2, the technical assessment. A radar system is considered to be the combination of a radar sensor(s), radar data processor and radar display.
The nationally authorised minimum radar separation, which is the one which can safely be applied in practice by a particular radar controller, using a particular radar equipment, on a particular day, at a particular time, on a particular sector, under particular traffic conditions and when controlling particular aircraft, can only be assessed by the radar controller himself using the prescribed minimum as a starting point. This is further considered in section 5.3, the operational assessment.
Beginning from a given radar separation minimum it is necessary to determine what radar system errors would be acceptable to apply the imposed 5/10 NM as required by the third Operational Objective of the “ECAC Strategy for the 1990s”. This is addressed in section 5.1, the safety assessment.
　
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