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Note.- Guidance material on Human Factors principles
can be found in the Human Factors Training Manual.
10.2 Pavements
10.2.1 Recommendation.- The sur$ace of pavements
(runways, taxiways, aprons, etc.) should be kept clear of any
loose stones or other objects that might cause damage to
aircrafi structures or engines, or impair the operation of
aircrafi systems.
Note.- Guidance on precautions to be taken in regard to
the sur$ace of shoulders is given in Attachment A, Section 8,
and the Aerodrome Design Manual, Part 2.
10.2.2 Recommendation.- The sur$ace of a runway
should be maintained in a condition such as to preclude
formation of harmficl irregularities.
Note.- See Attachment A. Section 5.
10.2.3 Measurements of the friction characteristics of a
runway surface shall be made periodically with a continuous
friction measuring device using self-wetting features.
Note.- Guidance on evaluating the fiction characteristics
of a runway is provided in Attachment A, Section 7. Additional
guidance is included in the Airport Services Manual, Part 2.
10.2.4 Corrective maintenance action shall be taken when
the friction characteristics for either the entire runway or a
portion thereof are below a minimum friction level specified
by the State.
Note.- A portion of runway in the order of 100 m long may
be considered significant for maintenance or reporting action.
10.2.5 Recommendation.- Corrective maintenance
action should be considered when the friction characteristics
for either the entire runway or a portion thereof are below a
maintenance planning level specified by the State.
10.2.6 Recommendation.-. When there is reason to
believe that the drainage characteristics of a runway, or
portions thereof; are poor due to slopes or depressions, then
the runway fiction characteristics should be assessed under
natural or simulated conditions that are representative of local
rain and corrective maintenance action should be taken as
necessary.
10.2.7 Recommendation.- When a taxiway is used by
turbine-engined aeroplanes, the sur$ace of the taxiway
shoulders should be maintained so as to beji-ee of any loose
stones or other objects that could be ingested by the aeroplane
engines.
Note.- Guidance on this subject is given in the Aerodrome
Design Manual, Part 2.
10.2.8 The surface of a paved runway shall be maintained
in a condition so as to provide good friction characteristics and
low rolling resistance. Snow, slush, ice, standing water, mud,
dust, sand, oil, rubber deposits and other contaminants shall be
removed as rapidly and completely as possible to minimize
accumulation.
Note.- Guidance on determining and expressing the
ji-iction characteristics when conditions of snow or ice cannot
be avoided is given in Attachment A, Section 6. The Airport
Services Manual, Part 2, contains ficrther information on this
subject, on improvingfiction characteristics and on clearing
of runways.
10.2.9 Recommendation.- A taxiway should be kept
clear of snow, slush, ice, etc., to the extent necessary to enable
aircrafi to be taxied to a n d h m an operational runway.
10.2.10 Recommendation.- Aprons should be kept
clear of snow, slush, ice, etc., to the extent necessary to enable
ANNEX 14 - VOLUME I
Anna I4 -Aerodromes Volume I
aircraft to manoeuvre safely ol; where appropriate, to be
towed or pushed.
10.2.11 Recommendation.- Whenever the clearance of
snow, slush, ice, etc., jbm the various parts of the movement
area cannot be carried out simultaneously, the order of
priority should be as follows but may be altered following, as
necessary, consultation with the aerodrome users:
1st - nmway(s) in use;
2nd - taxiways serving runway(s) in use;
4th - holding bays; and
5th - other areas.
10.2.12 Recommendation.- Chemicals to remove or to
prevent the formation of ice andfrost on aerodrome pavements
should be used when conditions indicate their use could be
effective. Caution should be exercised in the application of the
chemicals so as not to create a more slippery condition.
Note.- Guidance on the use of chemicals for aerodrome
pavements is given in the Airport Services Manual, Part 2.
10.2.13 Chemicals which may have harmful effects on
aircraft or pavements, or chemicals which may have toxic
effects on the aerodrome environment, shall not be used.
10.3 Runway pavement overlays
10.3.3 Recommendation.- The entire width of the
runway should be overlaid during each work session.
10.3.4 Before a runway being overlaid is returned to a
temporary operational status, a runway centre line marking
　
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