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wastage of resources, impossible
choices, controversial and unapplied
decisions, and stagnation of services.
In this respect, strong cooperation
between SESAR and NextGen in relation
to the Global ATM Framework抯
advanced functionalities and new technologies,
supplemented by the other
regions, would constitute an important
vector for wider harmonisation.
The systems cannot and do not need
to be completely identical. Basically,
harmonisation is necessary in order to
ensure that the same aircraft can fly in all
systems and that common standards are
available and that cocts are minimised,
by sharing results and efforts.
We may also add an additional consideration:
the manufacturing industry
must be able to provide equipment to
all regions with minimal effort in terms
of adapting that equipment for individual
customers, and therefore lower costs
and higher reliability.
Harmonisation is necessary
in order to ensure that the
same aircraft can fly in all
systems and that common
standards are available
and that costs are
minimised, by sharing
results and efforts.
Focus
6
A performance-based approach to global ATM
Eleven key performance areas are identified in both SESAR and ICAO. They are: capacity,
safety, security, cost-effectiveness, efficiency, environmental sustainability, flexibility,
predictability, access and equity, participation, and interoperability.
Interoperability has been introduced as an instrument for expressing the need for and
measuring the extent of homogeneous and non-discriminatory global and regional traffic
flows. In the SESAR definition phase, it was further explained that 揳pplying global standards
and uniform principles, and ensuring the technical and operational interoperability of
aircraft and ATM systems are to be seen as supporting (enabling) objectives for the above
main objective? It is also recognised that it may be difficult to propose quantitative indicators
of interoperability.
In the context of this article, it is worth considering the implications of the performancebased
approach for interoperability.
The work of the Performance Review Commission and of the SESAR definition phase has
shown that the definition of specific performance indicators and the setting of specific
targets are sensitive subjects. This observation is certainly a sign of the difficulty that we
may face in making tangible progress on a global scale. Nevertheless, it is a prerequisite
that performance be understood in the same way by all, and this is even more so for
interoperability.
The performance-based approach implies at the higher level that discussion of the desired
outcomes must be kept separate from discussion of the technical solutions. However, this
should not lead to the discussion being limited to intangible objectives or to neglect of the
important technical aspects of the solution, with the risk of inconsistent decisions from
one region to the next.
A global performance-based approach, therefore, assumes its full meaning when associated
with a global plan, which is based on a global concept and architecture, where
the choices can be discussed, compared to the needs and, if necessary, be subject to
agreed trade-offs. Furthermore, performance orientation implies very concrete cooperation
towards the definition and development of the future ATM system and, ultimately, the
achievement of the required level of interoperability and seamlessness.
SESAR
Ensuring global interoperability
What matters
Interoperability is not just about different
systems being able to communicate
electronically. As the main tenets of the
SESAR Concept of Operations highlight,
aircraft trajectory is a key issue. This
is what all stakeholders look at in their
processes ?decisions made at both the
planning and real-time stages by aircraft
operators, airport operators and air navigation
service providers relate to trajectory.
Trajectory management relies on the
availability of a wide and common collection
of information. The various actors
need to have the same understanding of
the traffic situation and of its evolution, in
particular regarding the immediate environment
and the intentions of the various
actors.
Hence, interoperability is concerned with
the semantics of the data exchanged, as
well as the protocols and overall quality
of dialogue. It touches upon the notion
of seamless services and should therefore
be considered in terms of a common
understanding: a procedure cannot be
interpreted in different ways by pilots and
　
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本文鏈接地址：Skyway Magazine Autumn 2008(3)