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must be appropriately annotated.
1.4.23 Track to Fix (TF) Leg.
A TF leg is a geodesic path between two fixes.
1.4.24 Visual Glide Slope Indicator (VGSI).
The VGSI is an airport lighting aid that provides the pilot with a visual indication
of the aircraft position relative to a specified glidepath to a touchdown point on
the runway. Precision approach path indicators (PAPI) and visual approach
slope indicators (VASI) are examples of VGSI systems.
1.4.25 Visual Segment.
The visual segment is the portion of the FAS OEA between the DA and the LTP.
1.4.26 Vertical Error Budget (VEB).
The VEB is a set of allowable values that contribute to the total error associated
with a VNAV system. Application of equations using the VEB values determines
the minimum vertical clearance that must exist between an aircraft on the
nominal glidepath and ground obstructions within the OEA of instrument
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procedure segments. When the VEB is used in final segment construction, its
application determines the OCS origin and slope ratio.
1.5. DATA RESOLUTION.
Perform calculations using at least 0.01 unit of measure. Use calculation accuracy
to at least 8 decimal places where calculation is accomplished by automated
means. The following list specifies the minimum accuracy standard for
documenting data expressed numerically. This standard applies to the
documentation of final results only; e.g., a calculated adjusted glidepath angle of
3.04178° is documented as 3.05°. The standard does not apply to the use of
variable values during calculation. Do not round intermediate results. Round the
final result of calculations for documentation purposes. Use the most accurate data
available for variable values.
1.5.1 Documentation Accuracy.
Document values to the following increments:
• WGS-84/NAD-83 latitudes and longitudes to the nearest one hundredth (0.01)
arc second.
• LTP MSL elevation to the nearest foot,
• Glidepath angle to the next higher one hundredth (0.01) degree;
• Courses to the nearest one hundredth (0.01) degree;
• Distances to the nearest hundredth (0.01) unit; and
• Temperatures to the nearest hundredth (0.01) degree.
1.6 CALCULATION.
1.6.1 Mathematics Convention.
1.6.1 a. Definition of Mathematical Functions.
a+b indicates addition
a−b indicates subtraction
a×b or ab indicates multiplication
ba or ab or a b
÷ indicates division
(a−b) indicates the result of the process within the parenthesis
a-b indicates absolute value
≈ indicates approximate equality
a indicates the square root of quantity “a”
a2 indicates a×a
tan(a) indicates the tangent of “a” degrees
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tan−1(a) indicates the arc tangent of “a”
sin(a) indicates the sine of “a” degrees
sin−1(a) indicates the arc sine of “a”
cos(a) indicates the cosine of “a” degrees
cos−1(a) indicates the arc cosine of “a”
1.6.1 b. Operation Precedence (Order of Operations).
First: Grouping Symbols: parentheses, brackets, braces, fraction bars, etc.
Second: Functions: Tangent, sine, cosine, arcsine and other defined functions
Third: Exponentiations: powers and roots
Fourth: Multiplication and Division: products and quotients
Fifth: Addition and Subtraction: sums and differences
For example:
5−3×2= −1 because multiplication takes precedence over subtraction
(5−3)×2=4 because parentheses take precedence over multiplication
62 12
3
= because exponentiation takes precedence over division
9+16=5 because the square root sign is a grouping symbol
9+ 16=7 because roots take precedence over addition
(30 )
1
05
sin
.
°
= because functions take precedence over division
sin(30 0.5) 0.8660254
° = because parentheses take precedence over functions
NOTE: Most calculators are programmed with these rules of precedence. When
possible, let the calculator maintain all of the available digits of a number in memory
rather than re-entering a rounded number. For highest accuracy from a calculator,
any rounding that is necessary should be done at the latest opportunity.
1.6.2 Geodetic Calculation.
Geodetic calculations must be based on the WGS-84 ellipsoid model.
1.7 DESIGN CONCEPT.
Use these criteria to develop RNP SAAAR instrument approach procedures. The
following basic conditions are considered in the development of obstacle
clearance criteria for RNP approach procedures: The aircraft descends and
　
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