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the cabin and baggage
compartments. You will need
enough fuel to get them to the spot
and be useful while you're there, and
get them back again, so, on the way,
take note of the nearest airfield or
refuelling spot. If the fire gets big
enough, they may well bring fuel
down in drums, but by that time the
bombers could well be there anyway
and you will be sent off to another
one. Your task, as an initial attack
team, is just to stamp on a fire just
starting, but you could well be
involved in just slowing it down
around people or property. You will
get your instructions from the bird
dog if it arrives before you get there
(directions are given with reference
to the head or tail of the fire, which
are the downwind and upwind ends,
respectively. Left and right flanks are
counted from the tail to the head).
Once a fire has been detected, it will
be allocated a number. When it gets
beyond a certain size and becomes
part of a more serious effort, it will
also get its own traffic frequency, as
mentioned above, which should be
used by all aircraft entering or
leaving, once the bird dog has left
for greater things.
Anyhow, picking up water in singleengined
helicopters beyond gliding
distance from shore has the usual
problems, plus possible
disorientation if you go too far in.
Fast moving streams don’t help,
making you feel as if you were
moving the wrong way, so it’s best
to find a calm area, as otherwise you
will have to move the helicopter to
keep up with the water, ending up in
a fast taxi unawares – always face the
flow of the stream. Approach the
water with some forward speed so
the bucket tips over and starts to fill
as you progress, as it has a tendency
to drift forward otherwise. Get into
a low hover, which will help push it
under, and lift it mostly out. If you're
heavy (i.e. with a lot of fuel), keep
the power on and pull the bucket
forward in one smooth movement,
using translational lift to get
airborne. You will find that the wind
direction is critical.
Be careful if you're longlining with a
bucket, as the connector plug for the
release is difficult to see and might
go under water where it shorts out.
Longlining would be used where the
trees are very tall and there is no
water for the hoses nearby—the
team will have a small relay tank for
you to fill. In fact, this is increasingly
becoming popular, as grounddirected
water is more effective than
that from the air.
Specialised Tasks 45
When actually bombing, there is
about a second's delay between
pressing the button and the liquid
reaching its target, and pulling up
before doing so will help stop the
bucket swinging and making you
miss in high winds, aside from
punching it into the target. Although
there is a risk of fanning the flames,
you do need to get
low over the fire, and
preferably slow
(below 50 kts), as a
good dousing will do
most to kill them –
otherwise,
evaporation will take
its toll on whatever is
dropped, ensuring
that only so much of
it is actually effective,
and raising the
humidity. Hovering is
not recommended, as
your downwash may
not only fan the fire
(even up to twice tree
height), but also blow
up ash and produce a
similar effect to
whiteout (the ash will also stick to
your windscreen, which will likely be
wet from the water pickup). You
should really be in a balanced
straight line during and after the
drop, as it requires a little followthrough.
Dropping at some speed
over an area is mostly used for
cooling purposes after the flames are
out, as a fire can stay underground
for days. IR is used to detect
hotspots afterwards.
In valleys, be aware of the extra
power required to get you out of the
“hole” with a load on—buckets
don't always release their load,
especially if the connectors get wet
when picking up.
Checks for your bucket include the
cargo arming switch, bucket open
and close switch and electrical and
mechanical jettison, and the capacity
(for performance). Don’t forget the
mirror and cables, as you would with
any slung load.
Forest and
moorland fires
also require vast
amounts of
manpower,
which are usually
tired by the time
they get to the
fire from the
long walk to get
　
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本文鏈接地址：The Helicopter Pilot’s Handbook(30)