SIRA SME SOP
SSN TCAS TEM
Threat and Error Management TSB Transport Safety Board

S. Stewart, F. Koornneef, R. Akselsson, and C. Turner  - HILAS 2009
List of figures 
Figure 1. The generation of fatigue risk within an airline  17 
Figure 2. Juran’s control and breakthrough cycle  26 
Figure 3. FRMS structural components  28 

S. Stewart, F. Koornneef, R. Akselsson, and C. Turner  - HILAS 2009

Foreword
The evolution of a system for the management of fatigue-related risk in airline and maintenance operations is at present a contentious issue (ETSC Fatigue seminar, 2009). The aspirations for the integration of fatigue management processes into existing SMS guidelines need to be placed in the realities of the present economic and commercial environment - they therefore need to exhibit relevance and demonstrate cost effectiveness if they are to survive the commercial scrutiny of operators worldwide. That scrutiny

This is key to defining the relationship between prescriptive FTL and FRMS. For an operator to invest in FRMS it has to show benefits over adherence in whole or part to prescriptive FTL. Therefore some degree of FTL harmonisation remains an issue otherwise opting for a relatively loose set of prescription is a more attractive option that developing a comprehensive FRMS. The principle should be that the rigidity and scope of an operator’s prescriptive FTL requirement are proportionate to the credibility of their FRMS. A recognised and accredited FRMS conversely allows an operator the flexibility to introduce safe and commercially beneficial rostering solutions. Hence the need to
S. Stewart, F. Koornneef, R. Akselsson, and C. Turner  - HILAS 2009
focus on a regulator audit programme upon which graded accreditation will be based and which will define the minimum standard that must be attained for AOC approval.
While one would not pretend that FRMS implementation within easyJet has been without its challenges it has to be acknowledged that the discipline required to ensure relevance and applicability has provided the impetus and motivation to focus and progress. Our learning and knowledge has arisen from practical exposure to operational issues. There is a difference to being ‘paper safe’ as opposed to quantifiable ‘actual safety’.

S. Stewart, F. Koornneef, R. Akselsson, and C. Turner  - HILAS 2009
1.1 Introduction
This document details an implemented Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) incorporating HILAS SMS concepts (Stewart et at, 2009a, HILAS, book 3, Ch 4) and models that have been developed to enable fatigue risk to be managed in an evidence-based, dynamic and comprehensive manner. A more detailed background on fatigue theory has been presented in HILAS Book 3, Ch 5 (Loukopoulos, 2009).
The relationship between fatigue and performance has been established where fatigue
　
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