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To be used in events only after reaching airborne phase. 

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Includes loss of control because of entering the towing aircraft wake turbulence and events where of airspeed is out of limits during tow.

GROUND HANDLING (RAMP)

Usage Notes:
.  
Includes collisions that occur while servicing, boarding, loading, and deplaning the aircraft also during boarding and disembarking while helicopter is hovering. 

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Includes injuries to people from propeller/main rotor/tail rotor/fan blade strikes. 

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Includes pushback/powerback/towing events. 

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Includes Jet Blast and Prop/rotor down wash ground handling occurrences. 

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Includes aircraft external preflight configuration errors (examples: improper loading and improperly secured doors and latches) that lead to subsequent events. 

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Includes all parking areas (ramp, gate, tiedowns).

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Except for powerback events, which are coded here, if a collision occurs while the aircraft is moving under its own power in the gate, ramp, or tiedown area, code it as a ground collision (GCOL).

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Includes operations at aerodromes, heliports, helidecks, and unprepared operating sites. 

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If external loads involved, also code as EXTL.

GROUND COLLISION (GCOL)

Collision while taxiing to or from a runway in use. 
Usage Notes:
.  
Includes collisions with an aircraft, person, animal, ground vehicle, obstacle, building, structure, etc., while on a surface other than the runway used for landing or intended for takeoff.

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Ground collisions resulting from events categorized under Runway Incursion (RI) or Ground Handling (RAMP) are excluded from this category. 

NOTE: Taxiing includes ground and air taxiing for rotorcraft on designated taxiways.

 ICING (ICE)

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Includes accumulations that occur inflight or on the ground (i.e., deicing-related). 

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Carburetor and induction icing events are coded in the FUEL Related (FUEL) category. 

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Windscreen icing which restricts visibility is also covered here. 

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Includes ice accumulation on sensors, antennae, and other external surfaces. 

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Includes ice accumulation on external surfaces including those directly in front of the engine intakes.

LOSS OF CONTROL – GROUND (LOC-G)

Loss of aircraft control while the aircraft is on the ground.
Usage Notes:
　
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