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Gas turbines produce high qual-ity heat that can be used to generate steam for combined heat and power and combined-cycle applications, significantly enhancing efficiency. For utility applications, combined-cycle is the usual choice because the steam produced by the gas turbine exhaust is used to power a steam turbine for additional electricity generation. In fact, approximately 75 percent of all gas turbines are currently being used in combined-cycle plants.  Also, the trend in com-bined-cycle design is to use a single-shaft configuration, whereby the gas and steam turbines are on either side of a common generator to reduce capital cost, operating com-plexity, and space requirements.
The challenge of achieving ATS targets of 60 percent efficiency and single digit NOx emissions in parts per million is reflected in the fact that they are conflicting goals, which magnifies the difficulty. The road to higher efficiency is higher working fluid temperatures; yet higher temperatures exacerbate NOx emissions, and at 2,800 oF reach a threshold of thermal NO formation.
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Moreover, limiting oxygen in order to lower NO emissions can lead to
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unacceptably high levels of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned car-bon emissions. Furthermore, in-creasing temperatures above the 2,350 oF used in today’s systems represents a significant challenge to

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materials science.

Gas Turbine Combined-Cycle
COMBUSTION SYSTEM
FUEL
TRANSITION
COMBUSTION
GAS
TEMPERATURE

FIRING TEMPERATURE 
(TURBINE INLET) 
SHAFT 
AIR 
NOZZLE 
VANE 
TURBINE 
BLADE 
HEAT 
RECOVERY 
STEAM 
GENERATOR 
STEAM TURBINE  GENERATOR  COMPRESSOR  POWER TURBINE 
GAS TURBINE 
STEAM 

General Electric Power Systems ATS Turbine

General Electric Power Systems (GEPS), one of two turbine manu-facturers partnering with DOE to bring the ATS into the utility sector, has successfully completed initial development work, achieving or exceeding program goals. The resultant 7H ATS technology—a 400-MWe, 60 hertz combined-cycle system—is part of a larger GEPS H System. program, which includes the 9H, a 480-MWe, 50 hertz system designed for over-seas markets.
The H System. is poised to enter the commercial marketplace. GEPS has fabricated the initial commercial units, the MS9001H (9H) and MS7001H (7H), and successfully completed full-speed, no-load tests on these units at GE’s Greenville, South Carolina manufacturing facility. Having completed testing in 1999, the 9H is preceding the 7H into com-mercial service. The MS9001H is paving the way for eventual develop-ment of the Baglan Energy Park in South Wales, United Kingdom, with commercial operation scheduled for 2002. The MS7001H ATS will pro-vide the basis for Sithe Energies’ new 800-MWe Heritage Station in Scriba, New York, which is scheduled for commercial service in 2004.
　
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