In Fig. 4-2, concept elements that are separated by a gray (instead of black) horizontal line are “parallel” concept elements; they are CEs 3/4, 5/6, 9/10 and 11/12. Parallel concept elements occur in those cases where the DAG-TM Team identified two solutions to the same problem. In all parallel concept elements, there is one solution with a flight deck focus (greater distribution of decision-making to the flight crew), and another solution with an ATSP focus. As an example, for the en route problem of non-preferred deviations for separation assurance, one approach/solution is to delegate separation responsibility to the flight deck and enable free maneuvering (CE 5a); the other approach/solution is trajectory negotiation between the user and ATSP for user-preferred deviations, with the ATSP retaining separation responsibility (CE 6a). Although these parallel solutions may appear to be competitive, they are simply alternative modes of solving the same problem. Either mode may be the preferred solution, depending on variables such as airspace complexity and user equipage. Consider again the problem of non-preferred deviations for separation assurance. The free maneuvering solution may be advantageous only in some regions of airspace, due to factors such as congestion. Alternatively, a user may make a business decision to equip their aircraft at an intermediate level that enables only trajectory negotiation, rather than a full level of equipage that enables both trajectory negotiation and free maneuvering. Therefore, parallel concept elements may be regarded as complementary solutions to the same problem.
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