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3.11.1 Participation by regional civil aviation organizations benefits global aviation safety by enhancing the safety oversight expertise base (which may also be used to improve safety-related activities in the regions or in individual Contracting States) and by facilitating the exchange of safety-related information.
3.11.2 Another type of partnership involves a group of States sharing experts for the development of regulations, procedures and training. The Cooperative Development of Operational Safety and Continuing Airworthiness Programme (COSCAP) developed by the ICAO Technical Co-operation Bureau (TCB) and implemented in several sub-regions is an example of this type of partnership. COSCAP projects have, inter alia, provided flight safety training to government safety oversight and air operations personnel. ICAO may also enter into an agreement with such organizations on issues relating to safety oversight.
3.11.3 An even closer partnership has been created by some States, through the establishment of a sub-regional organization responsible for the performance of safety oversight tasks for their member States. Some examples of such organizations are: Autorité Africaine et Malgache de l’Aviation Civile (AAMAC); the Regional System for Cooperation on Operational Safety Oversight (SRVSOP) of the Latin American Civil Aviation Commission (LACAC); the Regional Aviation Safety Oversight System for the Caribbean (RASOS); the Central American Agency for Aviation Safety (ACSA); the Pacific Aviation Safety Office (PASO); and the Central American Corporation for Air Navigation Services (COCESNA). In the specific case of ACSA, common regulations were adopted and a regional core of qualified flight operations and airworthiness inspectors perform the full range of flight safety inspection functions on behalf of the participating States. This arrangement has produced measurable results in the follow-up missions of USOAP. Details on the establishment of Regional Safety Oversight Systems can be found in Doc 9734 . Safety Oversight Manual, Part B . The Establishment and Management of a Regional Safety Oversight System.
3.11.4 C/SOA may, as required, assign team members from among experts made available to ICAO by Contracting States or by regional civil aviation organizations in accordance with applicable cooperation agreements. Experts assigned for audit duties with ICAO will be appropriately qualified and approved by C/SOA. Assignment of such experts will be made in coordination with their respective organizations and authorities. Relevant UN Staff rules apply to State experts seconded to ICAO for the purpose of conducting SOA missions.

3.12 OBSERVERS
Observers of ICAO safety oversight audits may be permitted with the approval of C/SOA. Other personnel may also be allowed to participate as observers if, in the opinion of C/SOA, their participation will benefit the overall safety objective of the Programme.
3.12.1 Observers of an audit are personnel other than certified and approved auditors, assigned to participate in the audit for training purposes.
　
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本文鏈接地址：ICAO Doc 9735 Safety Oversight Audit Manual(20)