CharT 8
Assumed User Spending Patterns
User Type Paid Crew Hangar Tie-Down Parking Insurance Costs
Personal . Lower
Business Shared Lower
Corporate, Utility, and Other . Private Higher
GA’s direct contribution to the U.S. economy is distributed among a number of different industries. Leading recipient industries are depicted below:
CharT 9
Distribution of GA’s Direct Contribution To The U.S. Economy in 2005 ($ billions)
Table 5
Top Ten Industries Benefiting from Indirect Contributions of GA in 2005
($ millions)
The industry grouping, or sectors, which are illustrated in this report and used in the I/O model are those identified for analysis by the Bureau of Economic Analysis at the Department of Commerce. It is not surprising that the industries which benefit most from GA are those which are somehow related to either the industry directly or through supplying the GA industry with goods or services. For example, Mining/Extractive supplies the bauxite or iron ore from which aluminum and steel are produced – these products, in turn, are used to produce aircraft airframes and other parts. Financial Institutions provide financing to those who purchase aircraft and also to the services and manufacturers which support GA. Avionics are produced by companies in the Radio, TV, and Communications Equipment industry category and this same grouping produces many of the subcomponents used to build avionics suites. Business Services is a very wide ranging group which includes accounting, janitorial, waste management, marketing, copy shop, information, and IT services which serve not only GA users but also every other industry which receives some portion of GA’s contributions.
5.0 GA’s Induced Contribution
5.01 Induced Contribution Defined
Induced contribution is the U.S. economic output created by the expenditures of people employed by the firms that generate revenue from GA, directly or indirectly. The portion of these wages attributable to GA is spent by employees on various goods and services, leading to more economic output, employment, and earnings that are said to be “induced” by GA.
5.02 Quantified Induced Contributions
The Induced Benefits add up the spending of wages which results from both the Direct and Indirect Contributions. Those portions of wages which are earned due to GA activities are then spent in various ways by the recipient. Since people spend their wages in different ways than industries, the induced contributions have little to do with the industry from where the wages were earned and are instead based on the spending patterns of wage earners. An employee of an aircraft manufacturer may have a very different job from a farmer, yet, on average, they will have a tendency to spend their wages in similar ways – food, lodging, automobiles, etc.
Table 6
Leading Industries Receiving GA’s Induced Contribution To The U.S. Economy In 2005
($ billions)
As with the Indirect Contributions of GA, Business Services scores high on the list of industries which benefit from GA. As discussed above, Business Services is a wide ranging cluster of industries which includes such varied companies as consulting, accounting, photocopy shops, veterinary care for livestock, janitorial services, maintenance of equipment,
6.03.3 The GA Pre-multiplier Input-Output tables produced by the government reflect set of industries. It happens that industries often produce different products at the same location, but data collected is classified into a single, dominant, product-line. In the same way, GA aircraft come in different models. To properly allocate the sales of GA aircraft, MergeGlobal has developed a pre-multiplier that takes the individual product categories sold, i.e., the share for each aircraft that is spent on engines, airframe, avionics, and interior; adjusts for the portion of these costs that are imported; and uses these totals when measuring direct contribution. Thus, the generalized Input-Output model is adapted and calibrated for GA activity specifically. 中國航空網 m.k6050.com 航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn 本文鏈接地址：General Aviation’s Contribution To The U.S. Economy May 200(7)
