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Reliability is usually a function of the system design (eg: duplication) and the summation of the various equipment reliabilities. In can also be affected by inappropriate maintenance actions therefore training of staff can have an impact on procedural control for either a single aircraft (radar transponder failure) or for all aircraft (radar system failure).
 
                
procedural control for either a single aircraft (ADS-B transponder failure) or for all aircraft (ADS-B receiving system failure).
 
                
 
 

 

service reliability. Reliability needs to be
 considered in conjunction with the backup systems
 

and alternative methods of achieving the operational objectives.

 
 on
In the radar environment, reliability is dependent

 
- aircraft avionics and supporting

systems
 systems

- ground sensors and supporting

 
 
 

In the ADS-B environment, reliability is dependent on 

 
 (ie: GPS satellite availability)

- reliability of the GPS signals in space

 
- aircraft avionics and supporting
 

systems
- ground sensors and supporting
 systems 
 

 
 

Reliability engineering considers the mean time between failure (MTBF) of various system
 elements to arrive at overall system reliability. The
 

 

US Department of Defence standards define the procedures and accepted MTBF values for system
 components (resistors, capacitors etc).
 

Manufacturers usually provide MTBF values for system elements based on the DoD methodology. 

 
 

 
These methods do not account for software

 
failures, nor do they account for system events

 

such as human error and for example lightning. In the past two decades, human error and
 
 

 

correlated events such as lightning have tended
to become dominant. Protection against

correlated events, software error and human error are normally provided through ensuring
 
minimal exposure to single points of failure. 
 However, comparison of systems by examining
 
the reliability (rates of random failure) of each
system remain a valid measure of performance between the systems.
 When comparing radar and ADS-B environments,
 reliability can be considered as a number of series
elements, namely  
 a) Space segment : The availability of

GPS signals (in the ADS-B case) 
 b) Avionics segment : The reliability of

avionics and aircraft power systems 
 

c)  The surveillance ground system : The radar ground station or the ADS-B
 ground station
  d) The link between the ATC system and

 the ground sensor
 
 
 e) The ATC display system
 
 
 

 For the purposes of this assessment, the ground

system, links and display system will be calculated together.
4 Avionics 

                      
4  Avionics

 
Based on a mean time between unit removal
    ADS-B Extended Squitter and modern Mode  
　
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