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c. Check the operation of the tow hitch.
d. A suitable shoulder harness should be installed.
e. Inspect the grapple hook for anything unsafe.
f. Check the banner layout assuring that nothing is twisted, and the towline at front of banner is in
good condition.
g. Check the banner for any tangles or uncoupled fasteners.
h. Inspect the grapple line and assure that it is correctly coupled before takeoff.
i. Extend the main section of the towline along the flight path to minimize slack.
j. Attach the towline snap to the bridle ring on the mast assembly.
k. Inspect the towline for serviceable condition. It will usually start to deteriorate from the
inside rope first. Small broken fibers will be visible extending through the outer strands, indicating
an unsafe condition. There should not be any knots in the line. Knots weaken a towline.
DESCRIPTION OF SUGGESTED AIRPLANE FLIGHT MANEUVERS.
I. The Banner Pickup (All procedures should be adjusted for different aircraft performance).
a. After takeoff and the grapple hook is dropped, the pilot should visually inspect the grapple line
and hook to ensure it did not become entangled in the tail section of the aircraft during deployment.
b. The airplane approaches the poles at 250 feet AGL at 1.6 times the airplane stall speed.
4-6
FIGURE 4-2. SAMPLE OF PRE-FLIGHT AND POST-FLIGHT CHECKLIST OF
BANNER TOW EQUIPMENT - Continued
c. At the point where the down-line is initiated, the airplane is pitched down at a minimum of 5°
and maximum of 15° angle while reducing the engine power to maintain proper airspeed.
NOTE: Where to initiate the down-line varies depending upon wind conditions.
d. At the point of the mast poles, full throttle should be selected to assure a safe climb-out. (If the
banner should snag another banner or object on the ground, the pilot would have a better chance of
reacting to this situation.)
e. Minimum airspeed through the pickup poles should be 1.6 times stall speed.
NOTE: The pilot should always fly to a point at pickup. This will allow the ground crew to give
direction to the pilot after a missed attempt such as 10 feet forward or aft of the pilot’s
established reference point.
f. Upon hooking the banner the airplane is climbed at a minimum speed of 1.2 times the stall speed
and maximum engine power is applied.
g. Upon reaching 225 feet - 250 feet AGL, maintain proper forward momentum and altitude.
Although the climb is stopped, the aircraft may remain in a nose-high attitude.
h. Full power and adequate airspeed are maintained until reaching 1,000 feet AGL.
II. The Banner Drop (All procedures should be adjusted for different aircraft performance).
a. The airplane approaches the designated drop zone at 300 feet AGL.
b. Upon reaching the drop zone full power is applied prior to releasing the banner and minimum
airspeed should be 1.2 times stall speed. Full power should be maintained after the banner release
handle is activated. This is a safety procedure in the event the banner does not release and snags an
object. The pilot would then have power to assist in recovery. Caution should be exercised as to not
exceed 1.5 times the stall speed of the aircraft.
c. Rotation is initiated prior to dropping the banner.
d. When the airplane is established on the up-line a delay of approximately 3 seconds is
incorporated into the maneuver to allow the banner to reach its lowest altitude.
e. After the banner is released, the pilot should be prepared to hold the controls in position as the
nose will pitch up because of the reduction of drag after banner release.
4-7
FIGURE 4-2. SAMPLE OF PRE-FLIGHT AND POST-FLIGHT CHECKLIST OF
BANNER TOW EQUIPMENT - Continued
III. Description of Helicopter Flight Maneuvers.
a. Helicopter operators must provide a means to prevent the banner from becoming entangled in
the helicopter’s tail-rotor during all phases of flight. The only way to prevent the banner from tangling
in the tail-rotor in the event of a power failure may be to immediately jettison the banner.
b. A 14 CFR part 133 operator may tow a banner using an external load attaching device without a
Certificate of Waiver or Authorization. However, the part 133 operator must have at least a Class B
authorization on the part 133 operating certificate.
c. The provisions of 14 CFR section 91.119(d) is not applicable when operating with a banner.
The operator must take into account the lowest point on the trailing apparatus when determining the
helicopter’s correct flight altitude in order to comply with section 91.119(b)(c). Operations over
congested areas or open-air assemblies of persons must not be lower than 1,000 feet above ground
level and operations elsewhere will be conducted in compliance with section 91.119(c).
　
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