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Poteen, Sgt. U.S. Army
1. OBJECTIVE. To develop a FLIGHT TEST
PLAN which contain two sets of emergency plans;
one for IN-FLIGHT emergencies and another for
GROUND emergencies.
a. The IN-FLIGHT emergency plan should
address the following:
(1) Complete engine failure or partial failure,
especially after take off
(2) Flight control problems and severe outof-
rig conditions
(3) Fire in the engine compartment or
cockpit
b. The GROUND EMERGENCY plan should
be developed to train the ground crew and/or the
airport fire department crash crew on the following:
(1) The airplane canopy or cabin door
latching mechanism
(2) The pilot’s shoulder harness/seat belt
release procedure
(3) The location and operation of the fuel
shut-off valve
(4) The master switch and magneto/ignition
switch location and OFF position
(5) Engine cowling removal procedures to
gain access to the battery location or for fire fighting
(6) The battery location and disconnect
procedures
(7) Fire extinguisher application and use
(8) How to secure the ballistic parachute
system
c. Ground Crew. Every test of an amateurbuilt
aircraft should be supported by a minimum
ground crew of two experienced individuals. The
ground crew’s function is two-fold:
5
5/24/95 AC 90-89A
(1) To ensure that the aircraft is in airworthy
condition for safe operation
(2) To provide assistance to the test pilot
in an emergency
d. The Airport.
(1) If the airport does not have a fire rescue
unit, it is suggested the ground crew have a four
wheel drive vehicle equipped with a portable radio,
first aid kit, metal-cutting tools, and a fire extinguisher.
A minimum of one person should be trained
in first-aid.
(2) If the airport provides a fire rescue unit,
the test pilot should ensure the rescue unit and the
ground crew are trained and competent in performing
ground emergency functions as identified in the
FLIGHT TEST PLAN.
(3) Suggestion. For a small donation,
some local volunteer fire and rescue companies will
provide the amateur-builder with a standby crew during
the initial critical portions of the flight test phase.
e. Hospital Location. The ground crew should
know the location and telephone numbers of the hospitals
and fire rescue squads in the vicinity of the
airport AND the flight test area. If the test pilot is
allergic to specific medications, or has a rare blood
type, a medical alert bracelet or card should be carried
or worn to alert medical personnel of the condition.
f. Fire Extinguisher. Fire extinguisher’s
should be available to the ground crew, and a fire
extinguisher should be securely mounted in the cockpit
within easy reach of the test pilot. A fire axe,
or other tool capable of cutting through the canopy,
also should be positioned in the cockpit.
g. Fire Protection. There is always danger of
a flash fire during test flights. To prevent burns, the
pilot should wear an aviation/motorcycle helmet,
NOMEX coveralls/gloves and smoke goggles. If
NOMEX clothing is not available, cotton or wool
clothing will offer some protection from heat and
flames. Pilots should never wear nylon or polyester
clothing because synthetic materials melt
when exposed to heat and will stick to the skin.
h. Pilot Protection. A modern aviation/motorcycle
helmet, a properly installed shoulder harness,
a well designed seat, a clean cockpit design free of
protruding components/sharp edges, NOMEX clothing,
smoke goggles, and a memorized emergency
plan ensure safety during flight testing.
i. Parachute. The decision to wear a parachute
depends on the type of aircraft being tested. Some
aircraft have forward hinged canopies that are not
equipped with quick release pins or have pusher
propellers which increase the chance of injury to the
pilot while exiting the aircraft. Other aircraft designs
may pose no exit problems. If the decision is made
to wear a parachute, check that it has been recently
packed (within 120 days) by a qualified parachute
rigger. Ensure that the chute has not been exposed
to rain/moisture and when worn, does not interfere
with cockpit management. The test pilot should be
thoroughly trained on how to exit the aircraft and
deploy the parachute.
j. Ballistic Chutes. Ballistic chutes are the latest
development in dealing with in-flight emergencies.
A ballistic chute is attached to the aircraft
and when activated, lowers the whole aircraft and
the pilot to the ground at the rate of descent of
　
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